Geographic patterns in human genetic diversity carry footprints of population history and provide insights for genetic medicine and its application across human populations. Summarizing and visually representing these patterns of diversity has been a persistent goal for human geneticists, and has revealed that genetic differentiation is frequently correlated with geographic distance. However, most analytical methods to represent population structure do not incorporate geography directly, and it must be considered post hoc alongside a visual summary of the genetic structure. Here, we estimate "effective migration" surfaces to visualize how human genetic diversity is geographically structured. The results reveal local patterns of differentiation in detail and emphasize that while genetic similarity generally decays with geographic distance, the relationship is often subtly distorted. Overall, the visualizations provide a new perspective on genetics and geography in humans and insight to the geographic distribution of human genetic variation.

中文翻译：

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遗传景观揭示了人类遗传多样性如何与地理相一致。


人类遗传多样性的地理模式承载着人口历史的足迹，并为遗传医学及其在人类中的应用提供了见解。总结和直观地表示这些多样性模式一直是人类遗传学家的持久目标，并揭示了遗传分化通常与地理距离相关。然而，大多数表示种群结构的分析方法并不直接结合地理因素，必须与遗传结构的视觉总结一起事后考虑。在这里，我们估计“有效迁移”表面，以可视化人类遗传多样性的地理结构。结果详细揭示了局部分化模式，并强调虽然遗传相似性通常会随着地理距离的增加而减弱，但这种关系往往会被微妙地扭曲。总体而言，这些可视化为人类遗传学和地理学提供了新的视角，并深入了解人类遗传变异的地理分布。