Immunotherapy has become an emerging strategy for the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapeutic drugs have been increasing for clinical treatment. Despite significant advances in immunotherapy, the clinical application of immunotherapy for cancer patients has some challenges associated with safety and efficacy, including autoimmune reactions, cytokine release syndrome, and vascular leak syndrome. Novel strategies, particularly improved delivery strategies, including nanoparticles, scaffolds, and hydrogels, are able to effectively target tumors and/or immune cells of interest, increase the accumulation of immunotherapies within the lesion, and reduce off-target effects. Here, we briefly describe five major types of cancer immunotherapy, including their clinical status, strengths, and weaknesses. Then, we introduce novel delivery strategies, such as nanoparticle-based delivery of immunotherapy, implantable scaffolds, injectable biomaterials for immunotherapy, and matrix-binding molecular conjugates, which can improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies. Also, the limitations of novel delivery strategies and challenges of clinical translation are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

癌症免疫疗法的递送策略：最新进展和未来观点。

免疫疗法已成为治疗癌症的新兴策略。免疫治疗药物一直在增加用于临床治疗。尽管免疫疗法取得了重大进展，但针对癌症患者的免疫疗法的临床应用仍面临一些与安全性和有效性相关的挑战，包括自身免疫反应，细胞因子释放综合征和血管渗漏综合征。新型策略，特别是改进的递送策略，包括纳米颗粒，支架和水凝胶，能够有效地靶向肿瘤和/或感兴趣的免疫细胞，增加病灶内免疫疗法的积累，并减少脱靶效应。在这里，我们简要介绍了五种主要的癌症免疫疗法类型，包括它们的临床状态，优点和缺点。然后，我们介绍新颖的投放策略，例如基于纳米粒子的免疫疗法，可植入支架，用于免疫疗法的可注射生物材料以及结合基质的分子结合物，它们可以提高免疫疗法的效力和安全性。此外，还讨论了新型传递策略的局限性和临床翻译的挑战。