We have devised an experimental method and apparatus for the simultaneous nondestructive determination of the absolute ion number, ion kinetic energy, and length of bunches of charged particles. We have built and operated a corresponding electronic detector that is based on induced charges and their subsequent low-noise amplification at cryogenic temperatures. We have performed measurements with bunches of low-energy highly charged ions from an electron-beam ion source that show the capability of the methods and their implementation. We discuss requirements for, and applications of, such detectors with a particular view on the obtainable information and their sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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带电粒子单程无损电子检测

我们设计了一种实验方法和设备，用于同时无损测定绝对离子数、离子动能和带电粒子束的长度。我们已经建立并运行了相应的电子检测器，该检测器基于感应电荷及其随后在低温下的低噪声放大。我们已经对来自电子束离子源的低能量高电荷离子束进行了测量，这些离子显示了这些方法及其实施的能力。我们讨论了此类探测器的要求和应用，并特别关注可获得的信息及其灵敏度。