Abstract Conflicts over wildlife and their potential impacts on human practices and livelihoods are widespread. Large carnivore predation on livestock often becomes a contested topic which has led to global declines in carnivore numbers over centuries. To minimise impacts of carnivores on human livelihoods and allow conservation, various interventions are used to prevent attacks. However, these interventions can only be effective if they are used and implemented. According to the Technology Acceptance Model, end user acceptance depends on perceived usefulness and ease of use. This study investigates the former as believed effect through a modified version of the Potential for Conflict Index. Using a web-based questionnaire we assess acceptance levels and believed effect of interventions intended to prevent carnivore predation on livestock, dogs, and reindeer among animal owners/keepers and members of the public in Sweden. The analysis shows that believed effect is a prerequisite for acceptance of an intervention, but not a guarantee. Interventions promoted by authorities are in some cases highly acceptable to users and the public, but in other cases believed contra-productive and are opposed by the end users. Active promotion of the latter may undermine mitigation efforts. Carnivore removal is generally more acceptable to animal owners than to members of the public. The results are useful to minimise conflicts within carnivore management and increase transparency and success of conservation. The results are discussed in relation to how similar questions may be approached in other systems using combined measures of believed effect, accept-intention, and the Potential for Conflict Index.

中文翻译：

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相信的效果 - 接受食肉动物管理干预的先决条件，但不是保证

摘要 关于野生动物的冲突及其对人类实践和生计的潜在影响非常普遍。大型食肉动物对牲畜的捕食往往成为一个有争议的话题，导致全球食肉动物数量在几个世纪以来下降。为了尽量减少食肉动物对人类生计的影响并进行保护，采取了各种干预措施来防止攻击。然而，这些干预措施只有得到使用和实施才能有效。根据技术接受模型，最终用户接受取决于感知的有用性和易用性。本研究通过修改版的潜在冲突指数来调查前者的可信效果。使用基于网络的问卷，我们评估了接受程度，并相信旨在防止食肉动物捕食家畜、狗、和驯鹿在瑞典的动物主人/饲养员和公众中。分析表明，相信效果是接受干预的先决条件，但不是保证。当局推动的干预在某些情况下为用户和公众高度接受，但在其他情况下被认为适得其反并受到最终用户的反对。后者的积极推广可能会破坏缓解努力。与公众相比，动物主人通常更容易接受去除食肉动物。结果有助于最大限度地减少食肉动物管理中的冲突，并提高保护的透明度和成功率。讨论结果是关于如何在其他系统中使用相信效果、接受意图和潜在冲突指数的组合测量来解决类似问题。