A Th1 immune-preponderance has been shown in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO), in which the Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, have a crucial role. Methimazole, and corticosteroids have been shown to modulate these chemokines; several efforts have been done to modulate the autoimmune reaction with other drugs, i.e. PPAR-γ, or -α ligands, or antibodies, or small molecules directed against CXCL10, or CXCR3.

Antigen-specific therapy for GD, by inducing T cell tolerance through an immunization with TSH-R peptides, has been published.

Drugs targeting cytokines [anti-TNFα (Etanercept), and anti-IL-6 (Tocilizumab)], and RTX (a chimeric monoclonal antibody vs. CD20) have been used in GO, with promising results. Teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) has been investigated in a trial, showing it was very effective in GO patients. Still, more studies are needed for new therapies targeting autoimmune thyroid disorders.

在自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AT），格雷夫斯病（GD）和格雷夫斯眼病（GO）的免疫发病机制中已显示Th1免疫优势，其中Th1-趋化因子（CXCL9，CXCL10，CXCL11）及其它们的（CXC ）R3受体，起着至关重要的作用。甲乙咪唑和皮质类固醇已被证明可调节这些趋化因子。已经进行了一些努力来调节与其他药物（例如PPAR-γ或-α配体或抗体或针对CXCL10或CXCR3的小分子）的自身免疫反应。

已经公开了通过用TSH-R肽免疫诱导T细胞耐受性的GD抗原特异性疗法。

GO中已使用靶向细胞因子的药物[抗TNFα（Etanercept）和抗IL-6（Tocilizumab）]和RTX（嵌合单克隆抗体对CD20），取得了可喜的结果。Teprotumumab（一种人源抗IGF-1R单克隆抗体）已在一项试验中进行了研究，结果表明它在GO患者中非常有效。尽管如此，针对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的新疗法仍需要更多的研究。