Veterinary vaccines need to have desired characteristics, such as being effective, inexpensive, easy to administer, suitable for mass vaccination and stable under field conditions. DNA vaccines have been proposed as potential solutions for poultry diseases since they are subunit vaccines with no risk of infection or reversion to virulence. DNA vaccines can be utilized for simultaneous immunizations against multiple pathogens and are relatively easy to design and inexpensive to manufacture and store. Administration of DNA vaccines has been shown to stimulate immune responses and provide protection from challenges in different animal models. Although DNA vaccines offer advantages, setbacks including the inability to induce strong immunity, and the fact that they are not currently applicable for mass vaccination impede the use of DNA vaccines in the poultry industry. The use of either biological or physical carriers has been proposed as a solution to overcome the current delivery limitations of DNA vaccines for veterinary applications. This review presents an overview of the recent development of carriers for delivery of veterinary DNA vaccines against avian pathogens.

中文翻译：

---

对抗禽病原体的兽用DNA疫苗的最新进展。

兽医疫苗需要具有所需的特性，例如有效，便宜，易于管理，适​​合大规模疫苗接种并且在野外条件下稳定。DNA疫苗是家禽疾病的潜在解决方案，因为它们是亚单位疫苗，没有感染或转化为毒力的风险。DNA疫苗可用于同时针对多种病原体进行免疫接种，并且相对容易设计并且制造和存储成本低廉。已证明施用DNA疫苗可刺激免疫反应并提供保护，以抵抗不同动物模型中的攻击。尽管DNA疫苗具有优势，但挫折包括无法诱导强大的免疫力，它们目前不适用于大规模疫苗接种，这阻碍了DNA疫苗在禽类行业中的使用。已经提出使用生物或物理载体作为解决方案，以克服目前用于兽医应用的DNA疫苗的递送限制。这篇综述概述了用于输送抗禽病原体的兽用DNA疫苗的载体的最新发展。