BackgroundHeadache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, but not so well investigated in children and adolescents as in adults: few studies have included representative nationwide samples. No data exist for Austria until now. In a representative sample of children and adolescents in Austria, we estimated the prevalence and attributable burden of headache disorders, including the new diagnostic category of “undifferentiated headache” (UdH) defined as mild headache lasting less than 1 hour.MethodsWithin the context of a broader national mental health survey, children and adolescents aged 10–18 years were recruited from purposively selected schools. Mediated self-completed questionnaires included sociodemographic enquiry (gender, age, socioeconomic status, family constellation, residence [urban or rural] and migration background). Prevalence and attributable burden of all headache, UdH, migraine (definite plus probable), tension-type headache (TTH: definite plus probable) and headache on ≥15 days/month (H15+) were assessed using the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire for children and adolescents. Health-related quality of life (HrQoL) was assessed using the KIDSCREEN questionnaire.ResultsOf 7643 selected pupils, 3386 (44.3%) completed the questionnaires. The 1-year prevalence of headache was 75.7%, increasing with age and higher in girls (82.1%) than in boys (67.7%; p < 0.001). UdH, migraine, TTH and H15+ were reported by 26.1%, 24.2%, 21.6% and 3.0% of participants. Attributable burden was high, with 42% of those with headache experiencing restrictions in daily activities. Medication use (50% overall) was highest in H15+ (67%) and still considerable in UdH (29%). HrQoL was reduced for all headache types except UdH. Participants in single parent or patchwork families had a higher probability of migraine (respectively, OR 1.5, p < 0.001; OR 1.5, p < 0.01). Participants with a migration background had a lower probability of TTH (OR 0.7, p < 0.01).ConclusionsHeadache disorders are both very common and highly burdensome in children and adolescents in Austria. This study contributes to the global atlas of headache disorders in these age groups, and corroborates and adds knowledge of the new yet common and important diagnostic category of UdH. The findings call for action in national and international health policies, and for further epidemiological research.

中文翻译：

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奥地利儿童和青少年头痛的患病率和负担——一项针对 10-18 岁学生代表性样本的全国性研究

背景头痛疾病在世界范围内非常普遍，但在儿童和青少年中的调查不如成人：很少有研究包括具有代表性的全国样本。到目前为止，还没有奥地利的数据。在奥地利儿童和青少年的代表性样本中，我们估计了头痛疾病的患病率和归因负担，包括“未分化头痛”（UdH）的新诊断类别，定义为持续不到 1 小时的轻度头痛。在更广泛的全国心理健康调查中，10-18 岁的儿童和青少年是从有目的地选择的学校中招募的。中介自填问卷包括社会人口调查（性别、年龄、社会经济地位、家庭星座、居住地[城市或农村]和移民背景）。所有头痛、UdH、偏头痛（确定加可能）、紧张型头痛（TTH：确定加可能）和头痛≥15 天/月 (H15+) 的患病率和归因负担使用头痛归因限制、残疾、儿童和青少年的社会障碍和参与障碍 (HARDSHIP) 问卷。使用 KIDSCREEN 问卷评估健康相关生活质量 (HrQoL)。结果 7643 名选定学生中，3386 名 (44.3%) 完成了问卷。头痛的 1 年患病率为 75.7%，随着年龄的增长而增加，女孩 (82.1%) 高于男孩 (67.7%；p < 0.001)。26.1%、24.2%、21.6% 和 3.0% 的参与者报告了 UdH、偏头痛、TTH 和 H15+。可归因的负担很高，42% 的头痛患者在日常活动中受到限制。药物使用（总体 50%）在 H15+（67%）最高，在 UdH（29%）仍然相当可观。除 UdH 外，所有头痛类型的 HrQoL 均降低。单亲家庭或拼凑家庭的参与者偏头痛的可能性更高（分别为 OR 1.5，p < 0.001；OR 1.5，p < 0.01）。有移民背景的参与者患 TTH 的概率较低（OR 0.7，p < 0.01）。结论头痛疾病在奥地利儿童和青少年中非常常见且负担沉重。这项研究有助于这些年龄组的头痛疾病的全球图谱，并证实并增加了对 UdH 的新的但常见且重要的诊断类别的知识。调查结果呼吁在国家和国际卫生政策中采取行动，并进行进一步的流行病学研究。