A large array of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV have been isolated and described, particularly in the last decade. This continually expanding array of bnAbs has crucially led to the identification of novel epitopes on the HIV envelope protein via which antibodies can block a broad range of HIV strains. Moreover, these studies have produced high-resolution understanding of these sites of vulnerability on the envelope protein. They have also clarified the mechanisms of action of bnAbs and provided detailed descriptions of B cell ontogenies from which they arise. However, it is still not possible to predict which HIV-infected individuals will go onto develop breath nor is it possible to induce neutralization breadth by immunization in humans. This review aims to discuss the major insights gained so far and also to evaluate the requirement to continue isolating and characterizing new bnAbs. While new epitopes may remain to be uncovered, a clearer probable benefit of further bnAb characterization is a greater understanding of key decision points in bnAb development within the anti-HIV immune response. This in turn may lead to new insights into how to trigger bnAbs by immunization and more clearly define the challenges to using bnAbs as therapeutic agents.

中文翻译：

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HIV 广泛中和抗体的不断扩大

大量针对 HIV 的广泛中和抗体 (bnAb) 已被分离和描述，特别是在过去十年中。这种不断扩大的 bnAb 阵列至关重要地导致了 HIV 包膜蛋白上新表位的鉴定，通过这些表位，抗体可以阻断多种 HIV 毒株。此外，这些研究对包膜蛋白上的这些脆弱位点有了高分辨率的了解。他们还阐明了 bnAb 的作用机制，并提供了它们产生的 B 细胞个体发育的详细描述。然而，仍然不可能预测哪些艾滋病毒感染者将继续发育呼吸，也不可能通过人类免疫诱导中和广度。本综述旨在讨论迄今为止获得的主要见解，并评估继续分离和表征新 bnAb 的要求。虽然新的表位可能仍有待发现，但进一步表征 bnAb 的一个更明显的可能好处是更好地了解抗 HIV 免疫反应中 bnAb 开发的关键决策点。这反过来可能会导致人们对如何通过免疫触发 bnAbs 产生新的见解，并更清楚地定义使用 bnAbs 作为治疗剂的挑战。