Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite great advances in antiretroviral therapy, remains a lifelong affliction. Though current treatment regimens can effectively suppress viral load to undetectable levels and preserve healthy immune function, they cannot fully alleviate all symptoms caused by the presence of the virus, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Exosomes are small vesicles that transport cellular proteins, RNA, and small molecules between cells as a mechanism of intercellular communication. Recent research has shown that HIV proteins and RNA can be packaged into exosomes and transported between cells, to pathogenic effect. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the diverse mechanisms involved in the sorting of viral elements into exosomes and the damage those exosomal agents can inflict. In addition, potential therapeutic options to counteract exosome-mediated HIV pathogenesis are reviewed and considered.

中文翻译：

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病毒剂外泌体转运在持续性 HIV 发病机制中的作用

尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法取得了很大进展，但人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染仍然是终生的病痛。虽然目前的治疗方案可以有效地将病毒载量抑制到不可检测的水平并保持健康的免疫功能，但它们不能完全缓解由病毒存在引起的所有症状，例如 HIV 相关的神经认知障碍。外泌体是作为细胞间通讯机制在细胞间运输细胞蛋白质、RNA 和小分子的小囊泡。最近的研究表明，HIV 蛋白和 RNA 可以被包装到外泌体中并在细胞之间运输，从而产生致病作用。这篇综述总结了目前关于将病毒元件分选为外泌体的多种机制以及这些外泌体试剂可能造成的损害的知识。此外，