Relatives of long-term missing persons need to deal with uncertainties related to the disappearance. These uncertainties may give rise to ruminative thinking about the causes and consequences of the loss. Focusing on tolerating uncertainties in treatment of relatives of missing persons might foster recovery. Adding mindfulness to cognitive behavioural therapy might serve this aim. The feasibility and potential effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy with mindfulness were evaluated in a pilot study. We aimed to detect changes in symptom levels and mindfulness from pre-treatment to 1 week, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks post-treatment. Dutch adults who experienced the disappearance of a significant other more than 3 months earlier and scored above clinical thresholds for psychological distress were eligible to participate. Participants were recruited from January 2015 to July 2016. Participants in the immediate treatment group started treatment after 1 week after randomization, whereas waiting list controls started the treatment after 12 weeks of waiting. Data from self-report measures as well as clinical diagnostic interviews (tapping persistent complex bereavement disorder, major depressive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder) were gathered among 17 relatives of missing persons with elevated symptom levels. The response rate (31.7%) was low, and dropout rate (47.1%) high. Cognitive behavioural therapy with mindfulness coincided with changes in psychopathology levels (Hedges’ g 0.35–1.09) and mindfulness (Hedges’ g − 0.10–0.41). Participants completing the treatment were satisfied with treatment quality and reported high treatment compliance. Because of the limited research about effective treatments for relatives of missing persons and promising results of small and/or uncontrolled trials examining the effect of mindfulness-based treatment to target grief-related complaints, it seems valuable to continue investigating the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy with mindfulness on reducing post-loss psychopathology in future research. However, in order to increase the feasibility of future trials among relatives of missing persons, we recommend collaborating internationally and/or extending duration of recruitment phase, to maximize the sample size. The Netherlands National Trial Register, NTR4732 .

中文翻译：

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失踪人员亲属的认知行为疗法和正念：一项试点研究

长期失踪人员的亲属需要处理与失踪有关的不确定性。这些不确定性可能会引发对损失的原因和后果的沉思思考。专注于容忍失踪人员亲属待遇的不确定性可能会促进康复。在认知行为疗法中增加正念可能有助于实现这一目标。在一项初步研究中评估了正念认知行为疗法的可行性和潜在有效性。我们旨在检测从治疗前到治疗后 1 周、12 周和 24 周的症状水平和正念变化。荷兰成年人在 3 个多月前经历了重要他人的失踪，并且得分高于心理困扰的临床阈值，有资格参与。参与者于 2015 年 1 月至 2016 年 7 月招募。即刻治疗组的参与者在随机分组后 1 周后开始治疗，而等待名单对照组在等待 12 周后开始治疗。在 17 名症状水平升高的失踪者亲属中收集了来自自我报告措施和临床诊断访谈（持续复杂性丧亲障碍、重度抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍）的数据。响应率（31.7%）低，辍学率（47.1%）高。正念认知行为疗法与精神病理学水平（Hedges' g 0.35-1.09）和正念（Hedges' g - 0.10-0.41）的变化相吻合。完成治疗的参与者对治疗质量感到满意，并报告了较高的治疗依从性。由于对失踪人员亲属的有效治疗的研究有限，以及小型和/或非对照试验的有希望的结果，这些试验检查了基于正念的治疗对针对与悲伤相关的投诉的效果，继续研究认知行为疗法的效果似乎很有价值在未来的研究中注意减少失去后的精神病理学。然而，为了增加未来在失踪人员亲属中进行试验的可行性，我们建议开展国际合作和/或延长招募阶段的持续时间，以最大限度地扩大样本量。荷兰国家试验注册，NTR4732。