Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which affects mostly older adults. In recent years, the incidence of PD has been dramatically increasing with the aging population expanding. Due to the lack of effective biomarkers, the accurate diagnosis and precise treatment of PD are currently compromised. Notably, metabolites have been considered as the most direct reflection of the physiological and pathological conditions in individuals and represent attractive candidates to provide deep insights into disease phenotypes. By profiling the metabolites in biofluids (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, urine), feces and brain tissues, metabolomics has become a powerful and promising tool to identify novel biomarkers and provide valuable insights into the etiopathogenesis of neurological diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent advancements of major analytical platforms implemented in metabolomics studies, dedicated to the improvement and extension of metabolome coverage for in-depth biological research. Based on the current metabolomics studies in both clinical populations and experimental PD models, this review will present new findings in metabolomics biomarkers research and abnormal metabolic pathways in PD, and will discuss the correlation between metabolomic changes and clinical conditions of PD. A better understanding of the biological underpinning of PD pathogenesis might offer novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches to this devastating disease.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病代谢组学研究的最新进展和前景

帕金森病 (PD) 是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中第二常见的神经退行性疾病，主要影响老年人。近年来，随着人口老龄化的加剧，PD的发病率急剧上升。由于缺乏有效的生物标志物，目前PD的准确诊断和精准治疗受到影响。值得注意的是，代谢物被认为是个体生理和病理状况最直接的反映，并且是提供对疾病表型深入了解的有吸引力的候选物。通过分析生物体液（脑脊液、血液、尿液）、粪便和脑组织中的代谢物，代谢组学已成为识别新型生物标志物并为神经系统疾病的发病机制提供有价值的见解的强大且有前途的工具。在这篇综述中，我们将总结代谢组学研究中主要分析平台的最新进展，致力于改善和扩展代谢组覆盖范围以进行深入的生物学研究。本文将基于当前临床人群和实验PD模型的代谢组学研究，介绍代谢组学生物标志物研究和PD异常代谢途径的新发现，并讨论代谢组学变化与PD临床状况的相关性。更好地了解帕金森病发病机制的生物学基础可能会为这种毁灭性疾病提供新的诊断、预后和治疗方法。