Emotion recognition dysfunction has been reported in both autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This suggests that emotion recognition is a cross-disorder trait that may be utilised to understand the heterogeneous psychopathology of ASD and ADHD. We aimed to identify emotion recognition subtypes and to examine their relation with quantitative and diagnostic measures of ASD and ADHD to gain further insight into disorder comorbidity and heterogeneity. Factor mixture modelling was used on speed and accuracy measures of auditory and visual emotion recognition tasks. These were administered to children and adolescents with ASD (N = 89), comorbid ASD + ADHD (N = 64), their unaffected siblings (N = 122), ADHD (N = 111), their unaffected siblings (N = 69), and controls (N = 220). Identified classes were compared on diagnostic and quantitative symptom measures. A four-class solution was revealed, with the following emotion recognition abilities: (1) average visual, impulsive auditory; (2) average-strong visual and auditory; (3) impulsive/imprecise visual, average auditory; (4) weak visual and auditory. The weakest performing class (4) contained the highest percentage of patients (66.07%) and the lowest percentage controls (10.09%), scoring the highest on ASD/ADHD measures. The best performing class (2) demonstrated the opposite: 48.98% patients, 15.26% controls with relatively low scores on ASD/ADHD measures. Subgroups of youths can be identified that differ both in quantitative and qualitative aspects of emotion recognition abilities. Weak emotion recognition abilities across sensory domains are linked to an increased risk for ASD as well as ADHD, although emotion recognition impairments alone are neither necessary nor sufficient parts of these disorders.

中文翻译：

---

研究自闭症谱系障碍和注意缺陷/多动障碍的异质性和合并症的情感识别子类型方法

在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力不足/多动症（ADHD）中都报道了情绪识别功能障碍。这表明情绪识别是一种跨领域特征，可用于理解ASD和ADHD的异质心理病理学。我们旨在识别情绪识别亚型，并检查其与ASD和ADHD定量和诊断措施的关系，以进一步了解疾病合并症和异质性。因子混合模型用于听觉和视觉情感识别任务的速度和准确性测量。这些药物分别施用于患有ASD（N = 89），合并症ASD + ADHD（N = 64），未患病兄弟姐妹（N = 122），ADHD（N = 111），未患病兄弟姐妹（N = 69）的儿童和青少年，和控件（N = 220）。对确定的类别进行诊断和定量症状测量。揭示了一种四类解决方案，具有以下情感识别能力：（1）平均视觉，冲动听觉；（2）视觉和听觉中等强；（3）冲动/不精确的视觉，平均听觉；（4）视觉和听觉弱。表现最差的类别（4）包含最高百分比的患者（66.07％）和最低百分比的对照（10.09％），在ASD / ADHD测量中得分最高。表现最佳的班级（2）表现出相反的情况：48.98％的患者，15.26％的对照者的ASD / ADHD评分较低。可以识别出在情感识别能力的数量和质量方面都不同的青年亚组。