BACKGROUND Motor delays and impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are extremely common and often herald the emergence of pervasive atypical development. Clinical accounts of ASD and standardized measures of motor function have identified deficits in multiple motor domains. However, literature describing frequently used standardized motor assessments in children with ASD, their test properties, and their limitations are sparse. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature to identify the most frequently used standardized motor assessments used to evaluate children with ASD from infancy to early childhood. All assessments included were required to possess reference norms, evaluate more than one motor domain, and have undergone some degree of validation. RESULTS We identified six frequently used standardized measures of motor function per our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We investigated and described in detail the psychometric properties of these assessments, their utility for use with children with ASD, and their individual and overall strengths and limitations. The global strengths of these assessments are the ability to identify early development delays and differences in fine and gross motor function in children with ASD. Global limitations of these studies are lack of validation in individuals with ASD and scoring systems that often miss specific and subtle abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Standardized assessments of motor function have provided valuable information on motor impairments in ASD. However, significant limitations remain in the use of these measures in children with ASD. Moving forward, it is imperative that standardized measures of motor function receive greater validation testing in children with ASD to assess their potential application given the clinical heterogeneity of this condition. In addition, utilizing quantitative measures of motor function should allow for evaluation and comparison of individuals with ASD across the lifespan with varying cognitive and behavioral abilities.

中文翻译：

---

自闭症谱系障碍运动评估中缺少什么？

背景技术自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中的运动迟缓和损伤极为常见，并且常常预示着普遍非典型发育的出现。自闭症谱系障碍的临床记录和运动功能的标准化测量已经确定了多个运动领域的缺陷。然而，描述自闭症儿童常用的标准化运动评估、其测试特性及其局限性的文献很少。方法 我们系统地回顾了文献，以确定最常用的标准化运动评估，用于评估从婴儿期到幼儿期的自闭症谱系障碍儿童。所包含的所有评估都需要拥有参考标准，评估多个运动领域，并经过一定程度的验证。结果我们根据纳入和排除标准确定了六种常用的运动功能标准化测量方法。我们详细调查并描述了这些评估的心理测量特性、它们对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的实用性，以及它们的个人和整体优势和局限性。这些评估的总体优势在于能够识别自闭症谱系障碍儿童的早期发育迟缓以及精细和粗大运动功能的差异。这些研究的总体局限性是缺乏对自闭症谱系障碍患者的验证，并且评分系统经常错过特定和微妙的异常。结论 运动功能的标准化评估为 ASD 运动障碍提供了有价值的信息。然而，这些措施在自闭症儿童中的使用仍然存在很大的局限性。展望未来，考虑到自闭症谱系障碍的临床异质性，运动功能的标准化测量必须在自闭症儿童中接受更多的验证测试，以评估其潜在应用。此外，利用运动功能的定量测量应该可以对自闭症谱系障碍患者整个生命周期中具有不同认知和行为能力的个体进行评估和比较。