Epilepsy affects 2.2 million adults in the USA, with 1 in 26 people developing epilepsy at some point in their lives. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy as medial structures, and the hippocampus in particular, are prone to generating seizures. Selective anterior temporal resection (which removes the hippocampus) is the most effective intractable TLE treatment, but given the critical role of the mesial temporal lobe in memory functioning, resection can have negative effects on this crucial cognitive skill. To minimize the adverse impact of temporal lobe surgery on memory functioning, reliable pre-surgical guides are needed. Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides reliable, noninvasive guidance of language functioning and plays a growing role in the pre-surgical evaluation for epilepsy patients; however, localization of memory function in children with epilepsy using fMRI has not been established. Aside from the lack of neuroimaging memory studies in children with TLE, studies of typical development are limited. This review will focus on the functional anatomy of memory systems throughout development, with a focus on TLE. TLE provides the ideal model from which to understand memory function and the limits of plasticity and compensation/reorganization throughout development.

中文翻译：

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发育和儿童癫痫期间的情景记忆成像。


癫痫症影响着美国 220 万成年人，每 26 人中就有 1 人在一生中的某个阶段患有癫痫症。颞叶癫痫 (TLE) 是局灶性癫痫最常见的形式，因为内侧结构，特别是海马体，很容易发生癫痫发作。选择性前颞叶切除术（切除海马）是最有效的难治性 TLE 治疗方法，但考虑到内侧颞叶在记忆功能中的关键作用，切除可能会对这一重要的认知技能产生负面影响。为了尽量减少颞叶手术对记忆功能的不利影响，需要可靠的术前指南。临床功能磁共振成像（fMRI）为语言功能提供可靠、无创的指导，并在癫痫患者的术前评估中发挥着越来越重要的作用；然而，使用功能磁共振成像对癫痫儿童的记忆功能进行定位尚未确定。除了缺乏 TLE 儿童的神经影像记忆研究之外，对典型发育的研究也很有限。本综述将重点关注整个开发过程中记忆系统的功能解剖，重点关注 TLE。 TLE 提供了理想的模型，可用于了解记忆功能以及整个发育过程中可塑性和补偿/重组的限制。