Immunotherapy is a currently popular treatment strategy for cancer patients. Although recent developments in cancer immunotherapy have had significant clinical impact, only a subset of patients exhibits clinical response. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance is necessary. The mechanisms of immune escape appear to consist of two distinct tumor characteristics: a decrease in effective immunocyte infiltration and function and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Several host-derived factors may also contribute to immune escape. Moreover, inter-patient heterogeneity predominantly results from differences in somatic mutations between cancers, which has led to the hypothesis that differential activation of specific tumor-intrinsic pathways may explain the phenomenon of immune exclusion in a subset of cancers. Increasing evidence has also shown that tumor-intrinsic signaling plays a key role in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying immune avoidance mediated by tumor-intrinsic signaling may help identify new therapeutic targets for expanding the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤固有信号通路：在免疫抑制肿瘤微环境调节中的关键作用。

免疫疗法是当前针对癌症患者的流行治疗策略。尽管癌症免疫疗法的最新发展已经产生了重大的临床影响，但是只有一部分患者表现出临床反应。因此，了解免疫疗法抗性的分子机制是必要的。免疫逃逸的机制似乎由两个不同的肿瘤特征组成：有效免疫细胞浸润和功能的减少以及肿瘤微环境中免疫抑制细胞的积累。几种宿主来源的因素也可能导致免疫逃逸。此外，患者之间的异质性主要是由于癌症之间的体细胞突变差异所致，这导致了这样的假说，即特定肿瘤内在途径的差异激活可能解释了一部分癌症中的免疫排斥现象。越来越多的证据还表明，肿瘤固有信号在调节免疫抑制肿瘤微环境和肿瘤免疫逃逸中起关键作用。因此，了解由肿瘤内在信号传导介导的免疫避免的潜在机制可能有助于确定新的治疗靶点，以扩大癌症免疫疗法的疗效。