The wetlands used for some agricultural activities constitute productive breeding sites for many mosquito species. Thus, the agricultural use of insecticide targeting other pests may select for insecticide resistance in malaria mosquitoes. The purpose of this study is to clarify some knowledge gaps on the role of agrochemicals in the development of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is of utmost importance for vector control. Using the CDC bottle test and the log-probit analysis, we investigated for the first time the resistance levels of Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes to neonicotinoids, insecticides used exclusively for crop protection in Côte d’Ivoire. The study was conducted in two agricultural regions (Tiassale and Gagnoa) and one non-agricultural region (Vitre) between June and August 2017 using clothianidin, acetamiprid and imidacloprid. Mosquito populations from Tiassale and Gagnoa (agricultural settings) were determined to be resistant to acetamiprid with mortality rates being < 85% at 24 h post-exposure. In Vitre (non-agricultural area) however, the mosquito population was susceptible to acetamiprid. In all three localities, mosquito populations were resistant to imidacloprid (mortality rates were 60% in Vitre, 37% in Tiassale, and 13% in Gagnoa) and completely susceptible to clothianidin (100% mortality). An. coluzzii represented 100% of mosquito collected in Gagnoa, 86% in Tiassale and 96% in Vitre. This study provides strong evidence that agricultural use of insecticides can cause insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations. Insecticide resistance driven by agrochemical usage should be considered when vector control strategies are developed.

中文翻译：

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由于农业杀虫剂的使用导致野生库氏按蚊产生杀虫剂抗性选择的证据


用于某些农业活动的湿地构成了许多蚊子的繁殖地。因此，针对其他害虫的杀虫剂的农业使​​用可能会选择疟疾蚊子的杀虫剂抗性。本研究的目的是澄清关于农用化学品在疟疾病媒杀虫剂抗药性发展中的作用的一些知识空白，这对于病媒控制至关重要。利用 CDC 瓶子测试和对数概率分析，我们首次调查了科鲁兹按蚊对新烟碱类杀虫剂（科特迪瓦专门用于作物保护的杀虫剂）的耐药水平。该研究于 2017 年 6 月至 8 月在两个农业地区（蒂亚萨莱和加尼奥阿）和一个非农业地区（维特雷）进行，使用噻虫胺、啶虫脒和吡虫啉。来自 Tiassale 和 Gagnoa（农业环境）的蚊子种群被确定对啶虫脒具有抗药性，暴露后 24 小时死亡率为 < 85%。然而，在维特雷（非农业地区），蚊子种群对啶虫脒敏感。在这三个地区，蚊子种群对吡虫啉具有抗药性（维特雷死亡率为 60%，蒂亚塞尔死亡率为 37%，加尼奥阿死亡率为 13%），并且对噻虫胺完全敏感（死亡率为 100%）。一个。 coluzzii 占加尼奥阿收集到的蚊子的 100%，蒂亚塞尔收集到的蚊子占 86%，维特雷收集到的蚊子占 96%。这项研究提供了强有力的证据，证明农业使用杀虫剂会导致疟疾病媒群体对杀虫剂产生抗药性。在制定病媒控制策略时，应考虑农用化学品的使用导致的杀虫剂抗药性。