Globally, by the end of 2018, 37.9 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sub-Saharan Africa carries the highest burden with an estimated 71% of the global total. In Ethiopia, an estimated 715 404 people were living with HIV in 2015 and this increased to 722 248 in 2017. This study was to explore the trends and spatial distributions of HIV cases in Ethiopia. In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal distribution of persons living with HIV in Ethiopia using data from 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Geographic information system (Getis-Ord Gi* statistics) and spatial scan statistics (SaTScan) were used for exploratory and confirmatory spatial analyses respectively. The overall prevalence of HIV in Ethiopia unveiled inconsistent trends, with the majority of areas showing decreasing trends. Hot spot clusters exhibited in all the three surveys, which include areas where Amhara, Afar and Tigray regions share neighbourhoods. In 2005 regionally, Gambella, Addis Ababa, and Harari had the highest prevalence at 6.0, 4.7 and 3.5%, respectively. While in the 2016 survey the highest prevalence (4.8%) was observed in Gambella regional state followed by Addis Ababa (3.4%). The distribution of HIV infection in Ethiopia is not random in all the three EDHS surveys. High clusters of HIV cases were consistently observed in Addis Ababa and neighbouring areas of the Afar Tigray and Amhara regional states and central Oromia. This analysis revealed that there are still areas which need studying with respect to the epidemic of HIV. In this regard Addis Ababa, certain areas of Amhara regional state, large areas of Afar region and central Oromia require special attention.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚艾滋病毒流行趋势和空间分布

截至2018年底，全球有3790万人感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。撒哈拉以南非洲地区负担最重，估计占全球总数的71％。在埃塞俄比亚，2015年估计有715404人感染艾滋病毒，2017年增加到722248人。该研究旨在探讨埃塞俄比亚艾滋病毒病例的趋势和空间分布。在这项研究中，我们使用2005年，2011年和2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）的数据，探索了埃塞俄比亚HIV感染者的时空分布。地理信息系统（Getis-Ord Gi *统计）和空间扫描统计（SaTScan）分别用于探索性和确认性空间分析。埃塞俄比亚的艾滋病毒总体流行率显示出不一致的趋势，大多数地区都呈下降趋势。在所有三个调查中都展示了热点集群，其中包括阿姆哈拉，阿法尔和提格雷地区共享社区的区域。在2005年区域中，甘贝拉，亚的斯亚贝巴和哈拉里的患病率最高，分别为6.0％，4.7％和3.5％。在2016年的调查中，甘贝拉州的患病率最高（4.8％），其次是亚的斯亚贝巴（3.4％）。在所有三个EDHS调查中，埃塞俄比亚的HIV感染分布都不是随机的。在亚的斯亚贝巴以及阿法尔提格里和阿姆哈拉州及奥罗米亚州的周边地区，始终观察到大量艾滋病毒病例。这项分析表明，仍有一些领域需要研究艾滋病毒的流行情况。在这方面，亚的斯亚贝巴，阿姆哈拉州的某些地区，