Ageing is associated with a decline in immune function termed immunosenescence. This process is characterized amongst others by less naive T-cells and more senescent phenotypes, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Thus far, reports regarding the long-term adaptation effects of exercise on T-cell phenotypes are scant and largely equivocal. These inconsistencies may be due to potential contributors to immunosenescence, particularly cytomegalovirus infection, which is considered a hallmark of T-cell senescence. Therefore, we sought to investigate the impact of cytomegalovirus serostatus on the distribution of peripheral T-cell subsets following long-term exercise in older women. One hundred women (aged 65 years and above) were randomized to 3 times/weekly training at either intensive strength training (3 × 10 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum, n = 31), strength endurance training (2 × 30 repetitions at 40% of one-repetition maximum, n = 33), or control (passive stretching exercise, n = 36) for 6 weeks. All training sessions were supervised by trained instructors to minimize the risk of injury and to ensure that the participants adhered to the training protocol throughout the entire range of motion. The T-cell percentages and absolute blood counts were determined before and after 6 weeks (24 h–48 h after the last training session) using flow cytometry and a haematology analyser. Cytomegalovirus antibodies were measured in serum using Architect iSystem and cytomegalovirus serostatus was balanced in the three intervention groups. C-reactive protein was measured using immunonephelometry. We report for the first time that 6 weeks of strength endurance training significantly decreased senescence-prone T-cells along with a small increase in the number of CD8– naive T-cells in blood. The absolute counts of senescent-like T-cells decreased by 44% (from 26.03 ± 35.27 to 14.66 ± 21.36 cells/μL, p < 0.01) and by 51% (from 6.55 ± 12.37 to 3.18 ± 6.83 cells/μL, p < 0.05) for the CD8+ and CD8– T-cell pools, respectively. Intriguingly, these changes were observed in cytomegalovirus seropositive, but not cytomegalovirus seronegative individuals. In conclusion, the present study shows that strength endurance training leads to a reduction in circulating senescence-prone T-cells in cytomegalovirus seropositive older women. It remains to be established if monitoring of peripheral senescence-prone T-cells may have utility as cellular biomarkers of immunosenescence.

中文翻译：

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六周的力量耐力训练可减少巨细胞病毒血清反应阳性但血清阴性老年女性的循环衰老倾向 T 淋巴细胞

衰老与称为免疫衰老的免疫功能下降有关。这一过程的特点是幼稚 T 细胞较少和衰老表型较多，这与许多与年龄有关的疾病的发病机制有关。到目前为止，关于运动对 T 细胞表型的长期适应影响的报道很少，而且在很大程度上是模棱两可的。这些不一致可能是由于免疫衰老的潜在贡献者，特别是巨细胞病毒感染，这被认为是 T 细胞衰老的标志。因此，我们试图研究巨细胞病毒血清状态对老年女性长期运动后外周 T 细胞亚群分布的影响。100 名女性（65 岁及以上）被随机分配到每周 3 次的强化力量训练（3 × 10 次重复，最大重复次数的 80%，n = 31）、力量耐力训练（2 × 30 次重复）最多一次重复的 40%，n = 33）或控制（被动拉伸运动，n = 36），持续 6 周。所有培训课程均由训练有素的教练监督，以尽量减少受伤风险，并确保参与者在整个运动范围内遵守培训协议。使用流式细胞术和血液分析仪在 6 周之前和之后（最后一次训练后 24 小时至 48 小时）确定 T 细胞百分比和绝对血细胞计数。使用 Architect iSystem 测量血清中的巨细胞病毒抗体，并在三个干预组中平衡了巨细胞病毒血清状态。使用免疫比浊法测量 C 反应蛋白。我们首次报告说，6 周的力量耐力训练显着减少了易衰老的 T 细胞，同时血液中 CD8-初始 T 细胞的数量略有增加。衰老样 T 细胞的绝对计数下降了 44%（从 26.03 ± 35.27 到 14.66 ± 21.36 个细胞/μL，p < 0.01）和 51%（从 6.55 ± 12.37 到 3.18 ± 6.83 个细胞/μL，p < 0.05) 分别用于 CD8+ 和 CD8- T 细胞池。有趣的是，在巨细胞病毒血清反应阳性的个体中观察到了这些变化，但在巨细胞病毒血清反应阴性的个体中没有观察到这些变化。综上所述，目前的研究表明，力量耐力训练导致巨细胞病毒血清反应阳性的老年女性循环中易衰老的 T 细胞减少。外周衰老倾向 T 细胞的监测是否可用作免疫衰老的细胞生物标志物仍有待确定。