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AuNP-M2e + sCpG vaccination of juvenile mice generates lifelong protective immunity to influenza A virus infection.
Immunity & Ageing ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-02 , DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0162-y
Lynn Bimler 1, 2, 3, 4 , Amber Y Song 1, 3 , Duy T Le 1, 2, 3 , Ashleigh Murphy Schafer 1, 5 , Silke Paust 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Background Influenza virus infection causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Humans fail to make a universally protective memory response to influenza A because of high mutation rates in the immune-dominant influenza epitopes. We seek the development of a universal influenza A vaccine. The extracellular domain of the M2-ion channel (M2e) is an ideal antigenic target, as it is highly conserved, has a low mutation rate, and is essential for viral entry and replication. Considering the potential of a universal influenza vaccine for lifelong protection, we aimed to examine this potential using a recently published gold nanoparticle M2e vaccine with CpG as an adjuvant (AuNP-M2e + sCpG). Intranasal vaccination induces an M2e-specific memory response, which is protective against lethal infection with H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 serotypes, in young BALB/c mice. Protection with AuNP-M2e + sCpG has been published up to 8 months after vaccination. However, the highest risk population during most influenza seasons is adults over 65 years old. Additionally, the efficacy of many vaccines decrease after aging and requiring booster vaccinations to remain effective. Results To determine if the AuNP-M2e + sCpG vaccine is a viable option as a universal vaccination capable of protection through geriatric age, we tested if the AuNP-M2e + sCpG vaccination loses efficacy after aging mice to geriatric age (over 18 months). Our data shows that mice aged 15 months after vaccination (~ 18-21 months old) retain significant M2e-specific antibody titers in total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. These mice are significantly protected from lethal influenza challenge (H1N1, 8.3 PFU). Further, these antibody titers increase upon infection with influenza A and remain elevated for 3 months, suggesting the elderly mice retain effective M2e-specific memory B cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that protective M2e-specific memory in mice developed at a young age can persist until geriatric age. Additionally, this memory is protective and M2e-specific B cells produced by vaccination with AuNP-M2e + sCpG are maintained and functional. If the results of this study persist in humans, they suggest that a universal influenza A vaccine could be administered early in life and maintain lifelong protection into geriatric age.

中文翻译:

幼鼠的 AuNP-M2e + sCpG 疫苗接种产生对甲型流感病毒感染的终生保护性免疫。

背景 流感病毒感染在世界范围内导致显着的发病率和死亡率。由于免疫显性流感表位的高突变率,人类无法对甲型流感做出普遍的保护性记忆反应。我们寻求开发一种通用的甲型流感疫苗。M2 离子通道 (M2e) 的细胞外结构域是理想的抗原靶点,因为它高度保守,突变率低,对病毒进入和复制至关重要。考虑到通用流感疫苗具有终身保护的潜力,我们旨在使用最近发表的以 CpG 作为佐剂 (AuNP-M2e + sCpG) 的金纳米颗粒 M2e 疫苗来检验这种潜力。鼻内疫苗接种诱导 M2e 特异性记忆反应,可防止 H1N1、H3N2 和 H5N1 血清型的致命感染,在年轻的 BALB/c 小鼠中。AuNP-M2e + sCpG 的保护作用已在接种疫苗后长达 8 个月公布。然而,在大多数流感季节,风险最高的人群是 65 岁以上的成年人。此外,许多疫苗的功效在老化后会降低,需要加强疫苗接种才能保持有效。结果 为确定 AuNP-M2e + sCpG 疫苗是否是一种可行的选择,作为能够保护老年期的通用疫苗,我们测试了 AuNP-M2e + sCpG 疫苗在小鼠衰老至老年期(超过 18 个月)后是否会失效。我们的数据显示,接种疫苗后 15 个月(约 18-21 个月)的小鼠在总 IgG、IgG1、IgG2a 和 IgG2b 中保留了显着的 M2e 特异性抗体滴度。这些小鼠受到致命流感攻击(H1N1,8.3 PFU)的显着保护。更远,这些抗体滴度在感染甲型流感后会增加,并持续升高 3 个月,这表明老年小鼠保留了有效的 M2e 特异性记忆 B 细胞。结论 我们的研究结果表明,小鼠在年轻时发育的保护性 M2e 特异性记忆可以持续到老年。此外,这种记忆是保护性的,并且通过接种 AuNP-M2e + sCpG 产生的 M2e 特异性 B 细胞得到维持和功能。如果这项研究的结果在人类中持续存在,他们建议可以在生命早期接种通用甲型流感疫苗,并在老年期维持终生保护。结论 我们的研究结果表明,小鼠在年轻时发育的保护性 M2e 特异性记忆可以持续到老年。此外,这种记忆是保护性的,并且通过接种 AuNP-M2e + sCpG 产生的 M2e 特异性 B 细胞得到维持和功能。如果这项研究的结果在人类中持续存在,他们建议可以在生命早期接种通用甲型流感疫苗,并在老年期维持终生保护。结论 我们的研究结果表明,小鼠在年轻时发育的保护性 M2e 特异性记忆可以持续到老年。此外,这种记忆是保护性的,并且通过接种 AuNP-M2e + sCpG 产生的 M2e 特异性 B 细胞得到维持和功能。如果这项研究的结果在人类中持续存在,他们建议可以在生命早期接种通用甲型流感疫苗,并在老年期维持终生保护。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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