Industrial food animal production (IFAP) is characterized by dense animal housing, high throughput, specialization, vertical integration, and corporate consolidation. Research in high-income countries has documented impacts on public health, the environment, and animal welfare. IFAP is proliferating in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where increased consumption of animal-source foods has occurred alongside rising incomes and efforts to address undernutrition. However, in these countries IFAP’s negative externalities could be amplified by inadequate infrastructure and resources to document issues and implement controls. Using UN FAOSTAT data, we selected ten LMICs where food animal production is expanding and assessed patterns of IFAP growth. We conducted a mixed methods review to explore factors affecting growth, evidence of impacts, and information gaps; we searched several databases for sources in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Data were extracted from 450+ sources, comprising peer-reviewed literature, government documents, NGO reports, and news articles. In the selected LMICs, not only has livestock production increased, but the nature of expansion appears to have involved industrialized methods, to varying extents based on species and location. Expansion was promoted in some countries by explicit government policies. Animal densities, corporate structure, and pharmaceutical reliance in some areas mirrored conditions found in high-income countries. There were many reported weaknesses in regulation and capacity for enforcement surrounding production and animal welfare. Global trade increasingly influences movement of and access to inputs such as feed. There was a nascent, compelling body of scientific literature documenting IFAP’s negative environmental and public health externalities in some countries. LMICs may be attracted to IFAP for economic development and food security, as well as the potential for increasing access to animal-source foods and the role these foods can play in alleviating undernutrition. IFAP, however, is resource intensive. Industrialized production methods likely result in serious negative public health, environmental, and animal welfare impacts in LMICs. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic effort to assess IFAP trends through an environmental public health lens for a relatively large group of LMICs. It contributes to the literature by outlining urgent research priorities aimed at informing national and international decisions about the future of food animal production and efforts to tackle global undernutrition.

中文翻译：

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将环境公共卫生视角应用于十个中低收入国家的食用动物生产工业化

工业食用动物生产（IFAP）的特点是密集的动物住房，高产量，专业化，垂直整合和企业合并。对高收入国家的研究已记录了对公共卫生，环境和动物福利的影响。全民信息计划在一些低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）激增，在这些国家，动物源性食品的消费量增加，同时收入增加，并为解决营养不良做出了努力。但是，在这些国家，由于缺乏记录问题和实施控制的基础设施和资源不足，全民信息计划的负面外部性可能会加剧。利用联合国粮农组织统计数据库，我们选择了十个中低收入国家，食用动物的生产正在扩大，并评估了全民信息计划的增长方式。我们进行了混合方法审查，以探讨影响增长的因素，影响的证据，和信息差距；我们在几个数据库中搜索了英语，西班牙语和葡萄牙语的资源。数据来自450多个来源，包括同行评审的文献，政府文件，非政府组织的报告和新闻文章。在选定的低收入和中等收入国家，不仅牲畜产量增加了，而且扩张的性质似乎涉及到工业化方法，在不同程度上取决于物种和位置。在某些国家，明确的政府政策促进了扩张。在某些地区，动物密度，公司结构和药物依赖程度反映了高收入国家的情况。据报道，围绕生产和动物福利的法规和执行能力薄弱。全球贸易越来越影响诸如饲料之类的投入物的流动和获取。有一个新生，令人信服的科学文献资料，记录了IFAP在某些国家/地区对环境和公共卫生造成的负面影响。低收入，中低收入国家可能会被全民信息计划吸引，以促进经济发展和粮食安全，以及增加获取动物源性食物的潜力以及这些食物在减轻营养不足方面的作用。但是，全民信息计划是资源密集型的。工业化生产方法可能会给中低收入国家带来严重的负面公共卫生，环境和动物福利影响。据我们所知，这是通过环境公共卫生视角评估相对较大数量的中低收入国家的IFAP趋势的第一项系统性工作。