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Mining morphometrics and age from past survey photographs
Frontiers in Zoology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-13 , DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0309-x
Caitlin E Black 1, 2 , Hannah S Mumby 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 , Michelle D Henley 5, 7
Affiliation  

Researchers often document wildlife surveys using images. These images contain data that can be used to understand alterative research objectives, even years after they were originally captured. We have developed a method to measure age and morphology (body size measurements and tusk size) from survey image databases and future surveys, without the availability of a known subject distance or a scale in each image. African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) serve as an ideal model species to develop a non-invasive, image-based morphometric methodology: as handling these animals is particularly invasive and expensive, involving anaesthesia and because of their IUCN ‘vulnerable’ status. We compare in situ measurements, taken during collaring events, to tusk-to-body-size ratios, measured from the images. We provide evidence that relative morphological measurements, musth timing, and age of male African savanna elephants can accurately be obtained from a survey image database of over 30,000 images, taken over an 18-year period. Of the 11 tusk to body size ratios calculated, we recommend the use of two in particular for future measurement in African elephants to determine size and age: 1) tusk length to tusk diameter and 2) tusk length to body height. We present a practical, non-invasive measure to estimate morphometrics, including both age and tusk size from photographs, which has conservation applications to the protection of elephants and is relevant to a range of other taxa.

中文翻译:

从过去的调查照片中挖掘形态测量学和年龄

研究人员经常使用图像记录野生动物调查。这些图像包含可用于理解替代研究目标的数据,即使在最初捕获它们数年后也是如此。我们开发了一种从调查图像数据库和未来调查中测量年龄和形态(体型测量值和象牙大小)的方法,而无需在每个图像中提供已知的主体距离或比例尺。非洲大草原象 (Loxodontaafricana) 是开发非侵入性、基于图像的形态测量方法的理想模型物种:因为处理这些动物特别具有侵入性且成本高昂,涉及麻醉,并且由于它们的 IUCN “脆弱”状态。我们将在项圈事件期间进行的原位测量与从图像中测量的象牙与身体大小的比率进行比较。我们提供的证据表明,可以从 18 年期间拍摄的 30,000 多幅图像的调查图像数据库中准确地获得雄性非洲大草原大象的相对形态测量、必须时间和年龄。在计算的 11 个象牙与身体大小的比率中,我们建议使用其中两个来确定非洲象的大小和年龄:1) 象牙长度与象牙直径的比值和 2) 象牙长度与身体高度的比值。我们提出了一种实用的、非侵入性的方法来估计形态测量学,包括照片中的​​年龄和象牙大小,它在保护大象方面具有保护应用,并且与一系列其他分类群相关。历时 18 年。在计算的 11 个象牙与身体大小的比率中,我们建议使用其中两个来确定非洲象的大小和年龄:1) 象牙长度与象牙直径的比值和 2) 象牙长度与身体高度的比值。我们提出了一种实用的、非侵入性的方法来估计形态测量学,包括照片中的​​年龄和象牙大小,它在保护大象方面具有保护应用,并且与一系列其他分类群相关。历时 18 年。在计算的 11 个象牙与身体大小的比率中,我们建议使用其中两个来确定非洲象的大小和年龄:1) 象牙长度与象牙直径的比值和 2) 象牙长度与身体高度的比值。我们提出了一种实用的、非侵入性的方法来估计形态测量学,包括照片中的​​年龄和象牙大小,它在保护大象方面具有保护应用,并且与一系列其他分类群相关。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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