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Genome-wide allele-specific methylation is enriched at gene regulatory regions in a multi-generation pedigree from the Norfolk Island isolate.
Epigenetics & Chromatin ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-08 , DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0304-7
Miles C Benton 1, 2 , Rodney A Lea 1 , Donia Macartney-Coxson 2 , Heidi G Sutherland 1 , Nicole White 3 , Daniel Kennedy 1, 3 , Kerry Mengersen 3 , Larisa M Haupt 1 , Lyn R Griffiths 1
Affiliation  

Allele-specific methylation (ASM) occurs when DNA methylation patterns exhibit asymmetry among alleles. ASM occurs at imprinted loci, but its presence elsewhere across the human genome is indicative of wider importance in terms of gene regulation and disease risk. Here, we studied ASM by focusing on blood-based DNA collected from 24 subjects comprising a 3-generation pedigree from the Norfolk Island genetic isolate. We applied a genome-wide bisulphite sequencing approach with a genotype-independent ASM calling method to map ASM across the genome. Regions of ASM were then tested for enrichment at gene regulatory regions using Genomic Association Test (GAT) tool. In total, we identified 1.12 M CpGs of which 147,170 (13%) exhibited ASM (P ≤ 0.05). When including contiguous ASM signal spanning ≥ 2 CpGs, this condensed to 12,761 ASM regions (AMRs). These AMRs tagged 79% of known imprinting regions and most (98.1%) co-localised with known single nucleotide variants. Notably, miRNA and lncRNA showed a 3.3- and 1.8-fold enrichment of AMRs, respectively (P < 0.005). Also, the 5′ UTR and start codons each showed a 3.5-fold enrichment of AMRs (P < 0.005). There was also enrichment of AMRs observed at subtelomeric regions of many chromosomes. Five out of 11 large AMRs localised to the protocadherin cluster on chromosome 5. This study shows ASM extends far beyond genomic imprinting in humans and that gene regulatory regions are hotspots for ASM. Future studies of ASM in pedigrees should help to clarify transgenerational inheritance patterns in relation to genotype and disease phenotypes.

中文翻译:

全基因组等位基因特异性甲基化在诺福克岛分离株的多代谱系中的基因调控区域富集。

当DNA甲基化模式在等位基因之间表现出不对称性时,就会发生等位基因特异性甲基化(ASM)。ASM发生在印迹基因座上,但是它在人类基因组中其他位置的存在表明在基因调控和疾病风险方面更重要。在这里,我们研究了ASM,重点研究了从24名受试者中收集的血液DNA,这些受试者包括诺福克岛遗传分离株的3代谱系。我们将全基因组亚硫酸氢盐测序方法与基因型无关的ASM调用方法应用于在整个基因组中作图。然后使用基因组关联测试(GAT)工具测试ASM区域在基因调控区域的富集。我们总共鉴定出1.12 M CpG,其中147,170(13%)表现出ASM(P≤0.05)。当包括跨度≥2 CpGs的连续ASM信号时,它会浓缩为12,761个ASM区域(AMR)。这些AMR标记了79%的已知印迹区域,大多数(98.1%)与已知的单核苷酸变体共定位。值得注意的是,miRNA和lncRNA分别显示出3.3倍和1.8倍的AMR富集(P <0.005)。同样,5'UTR和起始密码子均显示出3.5倍的AMR富集(P <0.005)。在许多染色体的亚端粒区域也观察到了AMR的富集。定位于5号染色体上原钙粘蛋白簇的11个大型AMR中有5个。这项研究表明ASM远远超出了人类的基因组印迹,并且基因调控区域是ASM的热点。谱系中对ASM的进一步研究应有助于阐明与基因型和疾病表型有关的跨代遗传模式。1%)与已知的单核苷酸变体共定位。值得注意的是,miRNA和lncRNA分别显示出3.3倍和1.8倍的AMR富集(P <0.005)。同样,5'UTR和起始密码子均显示出3.5倍的AMR富集(P <0.005)。在许多染色体的亚端粒区域也观察到了AMR的富集。定位于5号染色体上原钙粘蛋白簇的11个大型AMR中有5个。这项研究表明ASM远远超出了人类的基因组印迹,并且基因调控区域是ASM的热点。谱系中对ASM的进一步研究应有助于阐明与基因型和疾病表型有关的跨代遗传模式。1%)与已知的单核苷酸变体共定位。值得注意的是,miRNA和lncRNA分别显示出3.3倍和1.8倍的AMR富集(P <0.005)。同样,5'UTR和起始密码子均显示出3.5倍的AMR富集(P <0.005)。在许多染色体的亚端粒区域也观察到了AMR的富集。定位于5号染色体上原钙粘蛋白簇的11个大型AMR中有5个。这项研究表明ASM远远超出了人类的基因组印迹,并且基因调控区域是ASM的热点。谱系中对ASM的进一步研究应有助于阐明与基因型和疾病表型有关的跨代遗传模式。AMR的5倍富集(P <0.005)。在许多染色体的亚端粒区域也观察到了AMR的富集。定位于5号染色体上原钙粘蛋白簇的11个大型AMR中有5个。这项研究表明ASM远远超出了人类的基因组印迹,并且基因调控区域是ASM的热点。谱系中对ASM的进一步研究应有助于阐明与基因型和疾病表型有关的跨代遗传模式。AMR的5倍富集(P <0.005)。在许多染色体的亚端粒区域也观察到了AMR的富集。定位于5号染色体上原钙粘蛋白簇的11个大型AMR中有5个。这项研究表明ASM远远超出了人类的基因组印迹,并且基因调控区域是ASM的热点。谱系中对ASM的进一步研究应有助于阐明与基因型和疾病表型有关的跨代遗传模式。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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