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Personal carbon monoxide exposure, respiratory symptoms, and the potentially modifying roles of sex and HIV infection in rural Uganda: a cohort study
Environmental Health ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-20 , DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0517-z
Crystal M North 1, 2, 3 , Piers MacNaughton 2 , Peggy S Lai 1, 2, 3 , Jose Vallarino 2 , Samson Okello 2, 4, 5 , Bernard Kakuhikire 4 , Alexander C Tsai 1, 3, 4 , Marcia C Castro 2 , Mark J Siedner 1, 3, 4 , Joseph G Allen 2, 3 , David C Christiani 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Most of the global burden of pollution-related morbidity and mortality is believed to occur in resource-limited settings, where HIV serostatus and sex may influence the relationship between air pollution exposure and respiratory morbidity. The lack of air quality monitoring networks in these settings limits progress in measuring global disparities in pollution-related health. Personal carbon monoxide monitoring may identify sub-populations at heightened risk for air pollution-associated respiratory morbidity in regions of the world where the financial cost of air quality monitoring networks is prohibitive. From September 2015 through May 2017, we measured 48-h ambulatory carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in a longitudinal cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected adults in rural southwestern Uganda. We fit generalized mixed effects models to identify correlates of CO exposure exceeding international air quality thresholds, quantify the relationship between CO exposure and respiratory symptoms, and explore potential effect modification by sex and HIV serostatus. Two hundred and sixty study participants completed 419 sampling periods. Personal CO exposure exceeded international thresholds for 50 (19%) participants. In covariate-adjusted models, living in a home where charcoal was the main cooking fuel was associated with CO exposure exceeding international thresholds (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 11.3, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.7–27.4). In sex-stratified models, higher CO exposure was associated with increased odds of respiratory symptoms among women (AOR 3.3, 95%CI 1.1–10.0) but not men (AOR 1.3, 95%CI 0.4–4.4). In HIV-stratified models, higher CO exposure was associated with increased odds of respiratory symptoms among HIV-infected (AOR 2.5, 95%CI 1.01–6.0) but not HIV-uninfected (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 0.1–14.4) participants. In a cohort in rural Uganda, personal CO exposure frequently exceeded international thresholds, correlated with biomass exposure, and was associated with respiratory symptoms among women and people living with HIV. Our results provide support for the use of ambulatory CO monitoring as a low-cost, feasible method to identify subgroups with heightened vulnerability to pollution-related respiratory morbidity in resource-limited settings and identify subgroups that may have increased susceptibility to pollution-associated respiratory morbidity.

中文翻译:

乌干达农村的个人一氧化碳暴露、呼吸道症状以及性和艾滋病毒感染的潜在改变作用:一项队列研究

据信,大部分与污染相关的发病率和死亡率的全球负担发生在资源有限的环境中,在这些环境中,艾滋病毒血清状况和性别可能会影响空气污染暴露与呼吸道发病率之间的关系。在这些环境中缺乏空气质量监测网络限制了衡量全球污染相关健康差异的进展。在空气质量监测网络的财务成本过高的地区,个人一氧化碳监测可以识别出空气污染相关呼吸系统疾病风险较高的亚人群。从 2015 年 9 月到 2017 年 5 月,我们测量了乌干达西南部农村地区 HIV 感染和未感染成年人的纵向队列 48 小时动态一氧化碳 (CO) 暴露情况。我们拟合了广义混合效应模型,以识别超过国际空气质量阈值的 CO 暴露的相关性,量化 CO 暴露与呼吸道症状之间的关系,并探索性别和 HIV 血清状况的潜在影响修正。260 名研究参与者完成了 419 个采样期。50 名 (19%) 参与者的个人 CO 暴露量超过了国际阈值。在协变量调整模型中,生活在以木炭为主要烹饪燃料的家庭中与超过国际阈值的 CO 暴露相关(调整后的优势比 [AOR] 11.3,95% 置信区间 [95%CI] 4.7-27.4)。在性别分层模型中,较高的 CO 暴露与女性呼吸道症状的几率增加有关(AOR 3.3,95%CI 1.1-10.0),但与男性无关(AOR 1.3,95%CI 0.4-4.4)。在 HIV 分层模型中,较高的 CO 暴露与 HIV 感染者 (AOR 2.5, 95%CI 1.01-6.0) 而未感染 HIV (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 0.1-14.4) 参与者的呼吸道症状几率增加相关。在乌干达农村的一个队列中,个人 CO 暴露经常超过国际阈值,与生物量暴露相关,并且与女性和 HIV 感染者的呼吸道症状有关。我们的研究结果支持将动态 CO2 监测作为一种低成本、可行的方法来识别资源有限环境中对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性较高的亚组,并识别可能对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性增加的亚组. 0) 但不是未感染 HIV (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 0.1–14.4) 的参与者。在乌干达农村的一个队列中,个人 CO 暴露经常超过国际阈值,与生物量暴露相关,并且与女性和 HIV 感染者的呼吸道症状有关。我们的研究结果支持将动态 CO2 监测作为一种低成本、可行的方法来识别资源有限环境中对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性较高的亚组,并识别可能对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性增加的亚组. 0) 但不是未感染 HIV (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 0.1–14.4) 的参与者。在乌干达农村的一个队列中,个人 CO 暴露经常超过国际阈值,与生物量暴露相关,并且与女性和 HIV 感染者的呼吸道症状有关。我们的研究结果支持将动态 CO2 监测作为一种低成本、可行的方法来识别资源有限环境中对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性较高的亚组,并识别可能对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性增加的亚组. 并且与女性和艾滋病毒感染者的呼吸道症状有关。我们的研究结果支持将动态 CO2 监测作为一种低成本、可行的方法来识别资源有限环境中对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性较高的亚组,并识别可能对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性增加的亚组. 并且与女性和艾滋病毒感染者的呼吸道症状有关。我们的研究结果支持将动态 CO2 监测作为一种低成本、可行的方法来识别资源有限环境中对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性较高的亚组,并识别可能对污染相关呼吸系统疾病易感性增加的亚组.
更新日期:2019-08-20
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