Sustainable systems must maintain their function even in the event of disruptions in order to be considered truly sustainable. The theory of resilience concerns the behavior of systems during and aftershocks. Initially, modern understanding of resilience focused on ecological systems; however, the theory was extended to include the ecological aspects and the also social aspects of a system. As a result of climate change, increased efforts have been made to ensure energy systems are more sustainable. The issue of resilience has therefore significantly gained importance of late to energy systems. In the future, modern energy systems will be increasingly exposed to disruptions, whether due to climate change, terrorism, or variable power supply from renewable energy sources. Protecting energy systems from all these threats is only possible at great cost, but it is much more sensible to design resilient systems that can quickly resume their system function after a disturbance. This review looks at research into the resilience and its application to energy systems and identifies similarities and differences. Starting with Holling’s contribution to resilience, the development of the theory is examined and the different definitions are compared. The differences between engineering and ecological resilience are also discussed. Additionally, the review examines, on the one hand, criticism of the theory of resilience and, on the other hand, remaining questions in relation to the application of resilience, such as the system’s state after the disruption. The paper subsequently examines the application of the theory of resilience to different energy systems. The review concludes with an outlook on the possibility of operationalizing resilience for energy systems.

中文翻译：

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将适应力理论应用于能源系统：回顾与展望

可持续系统即使在发生中断的情况下也必须保持其功能，才能被视为真正的可持续系统。弹性理论涉及系统在余震期间和余震中的行为。最初，对弹性的现代理解主要集中在生态系统上。但是，该理论已扩展到包括系统的生态方面和社会方面。由于气候变化，人们加大了努力以确保能源系统更具可持续性。因此，抵御能力的问题已大大提高了后期对能源系统的重要性。将来，无论是由于气候变化，恐怖主义还是来自可再生能源的可变电力供应，现代能源系统都将越来越多地遭受破坏。保护能源系统免受所有这些威胁的代价是付出巨大的代价，但设计能在故障后迅速恢复其系统功能的弹性系统更为明智。这篇综述着眼于对弹性及其在能源系统中的应用的研究，并确定了异同。从Holling对弹性的贡献开始，研究了该理论的发展并比较了不同的定义。还讨论了工程和生态复原力之间的差异。此外，该评论一方面审查了对弹性理论的批评，另一方面审查了与弹性应用有关的其余问题，例如中断后的系统状态。随后，本文研究了弹性理论在不同能源系统中的应用。审查总结了对能源系统恢复活力的可能性的展望。