The EU bioeconomy strategy aims to accelerate the European bioeconomy and its contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. National policies and strategies in many countries promote their bioeconomies. The importance of agricultural crops and residues as raw materials for the bioeconomy is increasingly recognised, but agricultural production also contributes to large impacts on nature and environment. With the aim of assessing the governance measures and their effectiveness in addressing the sustainability of bioenergy and biofuel production, the purpose of this study was to map the governance complex relevant to agricultural crop production in Denmark, and to identify the achievements, challenges and lessons learned. The analysis is based on a review and assessment of publicly available databases, inventory reports and scientific literature on governance measures and their effectiveness. Governance here includes a variety of legislation, agreements, conventions and standardisation. Environmental sustainability is represented by greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, soil carbon, water quality and biodiversity. The agricultural sector has a significant impact on Danish climate performance and on landscapes in the form of soil carbon losses, leaching of nutrients to water bodies and pressures on biodiversity. The governance complex addressing these issues is made up of a variety of state regulation and co-regulation between state and firms, state and NGOs, or NGOs and firms. Much regulation is adopted from EU directives and implemented nationally. The analysis found that greenhouse gas emission is a virtually unregulated field and additional regulation is required to live up to Denmark’s 2030 emission reduction targets. The regulatory framework for soil carbon is criticised for its complexity, its competing instruments and its recognition procedures of voluntary co-regulation. For water quality governance measures in place have improved water quality, but it is still difficult to achieve the goals of the Water Framework Directive. It remains a challenge to protect biodiversity in agriculture. Biodiversity is mainly governed by national and supranational regulation, but co-regulating between state and firms and NGOs and firms have been initiated in the framework of the Agricultural Agreement.

中文翻译：

---

丹麦生物经济的可持续性治理—来自农业的生物能源和生物材料的案例

欧盟生物经济战略旨在加速欧洲生物经济及其对联合国可持续发展目标和《巴黎协定》的贡献。许多国家的国家政策和战略促进了其生物经济。人们日益认识到农作物和残留物作为生物经济原料的重要性，但农业生产也对自然和环境产生了巨大影响。为了评估治理措施及其在解决生物能源和生物燃料生产可持续性方面的有效性，本研究的目的是绘制与丹麦农业作物生产有关的治理综合图，并确定成就，挑战和经验教训。该分析基于对公开数据库的审查和评估，有关治理措施及其有效性的清单报告和科学文献。这里的治理包括各种立法，协议，公约和标准化。农业部门的温室气体排放，土壤碳，水质和生物多样性代表了环境的可持续性。农业部门以土壤碳损失，营养物质向水体的淋溶以及对生物多样性的压力等形式，对丹麦的气候表现和景观产生了重大影响。解决这些问题的治理综合体由国家与企业，国家与非政府组织或非政府组织与企业之间的各种国家法规和共同法规组成。欧盟指令采用了许多法规，并在全国范围内实施。分析发现，温室气体排放实际上是不受管制的领域，要实现丹麦的2030年减排目标，还需要进行额外的管制。人们批评土壤碳监管框架的复杂性，竞争性手段以及自愿共同监管的认可程序。尽管水质治理措施已经到位，但水质却有所改善，但仍难以实现《水框架指令》的目标。保护农业生物多样性仍然是一项挑战。生物多样性主要受国家和超国家管制，但国家和企业与非政府组织和企业之间的共同管制已在《农业协定》的框架内启动。人们批评土壤碳监管框架的复杂性，竞争性手段以及自愿共同监管的承认程序。尽管水质治理措施已经到位，但水质却有所改善，但仍难以实现《水框架指令》的目标。保护农业生物多样性仍然是一项挑战。生物多样性主要受国家和超国家管制，但国家和企业与非政府组织和企业之间的共同管制已在《农业协定》的框架内启动。人们批评土壤碳监管框架的复杂性，竞争性手段以及自愿共同监管的认可程序。尽管水质治理措施已经到位，但水质却有所改善，但仍难以实现《水框架指令》的目标。保护农业生物多样性仍然是一项挑战。生物多样性主要受国家和超国家管制，但国家和企业与非政府组织和企业之间的共同管制已在《农业协定》的框架内启动。但是要实现《水框架指令》的目标仍然很困难。保护农业生物多样性仍然是一项挑战。生物多样性主要受国家和超国家管制，但国家和企业与非政府组织和企业之间的共同管制已在《农业协定》的框架内启动。但是要实现《水框架指令》的目标仍然很困难。保护农业生物多样性仍然是一项挑战。生物多样性主要受国家和超国家管制，但国家和企业与非政府组织和企业之间的共同管制已在《农业协定》的框架内启动。