Explicit attitudes as well as implicit attitudes have been shown to be associated with physical activity (PA). These two types of attitudes can, however, be discrepant towards the same object or behavior. This study investigated whether there is a discrepancy between explicit and implicit attitudes (IED) regarding physical activity (PA), and whether IED moderates the relationship between explicit attitude and PA, and explicit attitude and PA intention. At baseline (T0) and one (T1) and three months (T2) thereafter, students’ (N = 340) PA levels, intention, explicit attitudes, further PA determinants, e.g. self-efficacy, were assessed. Implicit attitudes towards PA were assessed by means of a tailored Single-Category Implicit Association task. IED was present but weak. Multiple hierarchical regressions revealed that IED did not moderate the relationship between explicit attitudes and PA or intention. Yet, IED was negatively associated with T0-PA and T1-PA. The study revealed the important insight that IED is detrimental for PA. Interventions targeting attitudes to increase PA, should ensure that implicit and explicit attitudes regarding PA are concordant.

中文翻译：

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内隐态度和外显态度之间的差异是否缓和了外显态度和（有意）进行体育锻炼之间的关系？

显性态度和隐性态度均已证明与体育锻炼（PA）相关。但是，这两种类型的态度可能对同一对象或行为有所不同。这项研究调查了关于体育活动（PA）的外显态度和内隐态度（IED）之间是否存在差异，以及IED是否缓和了外显态度和PA以及外显态度和PA意向之间的关系。在基线（T0）以及此后的一个（T1）和三个月（T2），评估学生（N = 340）的PA水平，意图，明确的态度，其他PA决定因素，例如自我效能感。通过量身定制的单类别隐式协会任务评估了对PA的隐式态度。简易爆炸装置存在但很弱。多元层次回归显示，IED不能缓解外显态度与PA或意图之间的关系。但是，IED与T0-PA和T1-PA呈负相关。该研究揭示了重要的见解，即IED对PA有害。针对态度以增加PA的干预措施应确保有关PA的内隐态度和外显态度保持一致。