BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is a widely used chemical that has adverse effects on animal development and reproduction. The current research aimed to evaluate the effect of BPA on the in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequent embryo development of mouse oocytes following in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS IVM was performed in the presence of different concentrations (0, 20, 50, or 100 μg/mL) of BPA. Nuclear maturation, IVF efficiency and embryonic development were determined. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in the BPA (50 μg/mL) group were evaluated. We explored the ability of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in the IVM medium to rescue the BPA-induced damage by examining changes in nuclear maturation, IVF rate, blastocyst formation, ROS levels and GSH content. RESULTS Compared with the control, BPA (50 μg/mL) supplementation during oocyte IVM significantly inhibited nuclear maturation and decreased fertilization and blastocyst formation rates. In addition, BPA exposure increased ROS levels and decreased GSH content in oocytes. The addition of NAC weakened the BPA-induced suppression of nuclear maturation, relieved the BPA-induced downregulation of the fertilization and blastocyst formation rates, and mitigated the increased ROS levels and decreased GSH content. CONCLUSION BPA affects mouse oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryonic developmental competence following IVF by increasing intracytoplasmic oxidative stress in mature oocytes. NAC can reduce these harmful effects to a certain extent.

中文翻译：

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N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸对双酚A对小鼠卵母细胞成熟和胚胎发育的影响：体外研究。

背景技术双酚A（BPA）是一种内分泌干扰物，是一种广泛使用的化学物质，会对动物的发育和繁殖产生不利影响。当前的研究旨在评估BPA对体外受精（IVF）后小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟（IVM）和随后胚胎发育的影响。方法在不同浓度（0、20、50或100μg/ mL）的BPA存在下进行IVM。确定了核成熟，IVF效率和胚胎发育。评估BPA（50μg/ mL）组中的活性氧（ROS）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的水平。我们通过检查核成熟度，IVF率，胚泡形成，ROS水平和GSH含量的变化，探索了IVM培养基中N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸（NAC）挽救BPA诱导的损伤的能力。结果与对照组相比，卵母细胞IVM期间补充BPA（50μg/ mL）显着抑制了核成熟，降低了受精率和囊胚形成率。此外，BPA暴露会增加卵母细胞中的ROS水平并降低GSH含量。NAC的添加减弱了BPA诱导的核成熟抑制，减轻了BPA诱导的受精和胚泡形成率下调，并减轻了ROS水平的升高和GSH含量的降低。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。卵母细胞IVM期间补充BPA（50μg/ mL）会显着抑制核成熟，并降低受精率和囊胚形成率。此外，BPA暴露会增加卵母细胞中的ROS水平并降低GSH含量。NAC的添加减弱了BPA诱导的核成熟抑制，减轻了BPA诱导的受精和胚泡形成率下调，并减轻了ROS水平的升高和GSH含量的降低。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。卵母细胞IVM期间补充BPA（50μg/ mL）会显着抑制核成熟，并降低受精率和囊胚形成率。此外，BPA暴露会增加卵母细胞中的ROS水平并降低GSH含量。NAC的添加减弱了BPA诱导的核成熟抑制，减轻了BPA诱导的受精和胚泡形成率下调，并减轻了ROS水平的升高和GSH含量的降低。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。NAC的添加减弱了BPA诱导的核成熟抑制，减轻了BPA诱导的受精和胚泡形成率下调，并减轻了ROS水平的升高和GSH含量的降低。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。NAC的添加减弱了BPA诱导的核成熟抑制，减轻了BPA诱导的受精和胚泡形成率下调，并减轻了ROS水平的升高和GSH含量的降低。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。结论BPA通过增加成熟卵母细胞的胞浆内氧化应激影响IVF后小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和随后的早期胚胎发育能力。NAC可以在一定程度上减少这些有害影响。