Data on dietary intake in Guinea-Bissau is limited. The main purpose of this study was to compare mean daily energy intake (EI) with mean daily energy expenditure (EE) for a moderately active lifestyle in health-seeking individuals with a body mass index < 20.0 kg/m2. Furthermore, dietary composition was evaluated by estimates of macronutrient energy distribution, individual dietary diversity scores, and the identification of frequently consumed food items, stratified by sex. A cross-sectional dietary survey was conducted at the suburban health- and demographic surveillance site in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, from May 2014–February 2015. Each participant answered one interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall at baseline, from which dietary intake was assessed. Differences in dietary intake between men and women were analysed using the X2 test or Fisher’s Exact test for categorical outcomes, and the Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Forty-three men and forty-eight women were included. Mean EI for men was 6326 kJ/d (sd 2104) and for women 6822 kJ/d (sd 2210). Mean EE for a moderately active lifestyle with a physical activity level of 1.75 was 10,479 kJ/d (sd 658) for men and 8729 kJ/d (sd 731) for women. Both men and women had a significantly lower mean EI compared with mean EE (p-values both < 0.001). Dietary diversity was low with a score of 3.5 (sd 1.0) for men and 4.0 (sd 1.3) for women, p-value 0.046. Macronutrient energy was distributed as 66% (sd 11) carbohydrate, 15% (sd 5) protein, and 19% (sd 9) fat, with no significant difference in distribution between men and women. Consumption of starchy and sugary carbohydrates accounted for two thirds of mean EI. Cereals were the main source of protein, in place of animal protein. Both men and women in this study had low mean EI compared with mean EE for a moderately active lifestyle. Dietary intake was characterized by a seemingly low dietary diversity and imbalanced macronutrient energy distribution, comprising insufficient fat intake and excess carbohydrate intake. Cereals were the main source of protein. PACTR2009110001673419 . Registered 22 Oct 2009.

中文翻译：

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生活在几内亚比绍的营养不良成年人的膳食摄入量；横断面研究

几内亚比绍的膳食摄入数据有限。本研究的主要目的是比较体重指数 < 20.0 kg/m2 的寻求健康的个体的平均每日能量摄入 (EI) 与平均每日能量消耗 (EE)。此外，通过估计常量营养素能量分布、个体膳食多样性得分以及按性别分层的频繁食用食品的识别来评估膳食成分。2014 年 5 月至 2015 年 2 月，在西非几内亚比绍的郊区健康和人口统计监测点进行了一项横断面饮食调查。每位参与者都回答了一位采访者在基线时进行的 24 小时饮食回忆，其中饮食摄入量进行了评估。使用 X2 检验或 Fisher 精确检验分析男性和女性之间膳食摄入量的差异，用于分类结果，使用学生 t 检验用于连续变量。包括四十三名男性和四十八名女性。男性的平均 EI 为 6326 kJ/d (sd 2104)，女性为 6822 kJ/d (sd 2210)。中等积极生活方式的平均 EE 为 1.75，男性为 10,479 kJ/d (sd 658)，女性为 8729 kJ/d (sd 731)。与平均 EE 相比，男性和女性的平均 EI 显着降低（p 值均 < 0.001）。饮食多样性很低，男性得分为 3.5 (sd 1.0)，女性得分为 4.0 (sd 1.3)，p 值为 0.046。常量营养素能量分布为 66% (sd 11) 碳水化合物、15% (sd 5) 蛋白质和 19% (sd 9) 脂肪，男性和女性之间的分布没有显着差异。含淀粉和含糖碳水化合物的消耗占平均 EI 的三分之二。谷物是蛋白质的主要来源，取代了动物蛋白。与中等积极生活方式的平均 EE 相比，本研究中的男性和女性的平均 EI 均较低。膳食摄入的特点是膳食多样性看似低和常量营养素能量分布不平衡，包括脂肪摄入不足和碳水化合物摄入过多。谷物是蛋白质的主要来源。PACTR2009110001673419 。2009 年 10 月 22 日注册。膳食摄入的特点是膳食多样性看似低和常量营养素能量分布不平衡，包括脂肪摄入不足和碳水化合物摄入过多。谷物是蛋白质的主要来源。PACTR2009110001673419 。2009 年 10 月 22 日注册。膳食摄入的特点是膳食多样性看似低和常量营养素能量分布不平衡，包括脂肪摄入不足和碳水化合物摄入过多。谷物是蛋白质的主要来源。PACTR2009110001673419 。2009 年 10 月 22 日注册。