The purpose of this study was to characterize implicit gender bias among residents in US Emergency Medicine and OB/GYN residencies. We conducted a survey of all allopathic Emergency Medicine and OB/GYN residency programs including questions about leadership as well as an implicit association test (IAT) for unconscious gender bias. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the Likert-type survey responses and used standard IAT analysis methods. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to identify factors that were associated with implicit bias. We conducted a subgroup analysis of study sites involved in a multi-site intervention study to determine if responses were different in this group. Overall, 74% of the programs had at least one respondent. Out of 14,234 eligible, 1634 respondents completed the survey (11.5%). Of the five sites enrolled in the intervention study, 244 of 359 eligible residents completed the survey (68%). Male residents had a mean IAT score of 0.31 (SD 0.23) and females 0.14 (SD 0.24), both favoring males in leadership roles and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). IAT scores did not differ by postgraduate year (PGY). Multivariable analysis of IAT score and participant demographics confirmed a significant association between female gender and lower IAT score. Explicit bias favoring males in leadership roles was associated with increased implicit bias favoring males in leadership roles (r = 0.1 p < 0.001). We found that gender bias is present among US residents favoring men in leadership positions, this bias differs between male and female residents, and is associated with discipline. Implicit bias did not differ across training years, and is associated with explicit bias.

中文翻译：

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美国住院医师中隐含的性别偏见


本研究的目的是描述美国急诊医学和妇产科住院医师中隐含的性别偏见。我们对所有对抗疗法急诊医学和妇产科住院医师项目进行了调查，包括有关领导力的问题以及针对无意识性别偏见的隐性关联测试（IAT）。我们使用描述性统计来分析李克特型调查回复，并使用标准 IAT 分析方法。我们进行了单变量和多变量分析，以确定与隐性偏差相关的因素。我们对参与多中心干预研究的研究中心进行了亚组分析，以确定该组的反应是否不同。总体而言，74% 的项目至少有一名受访者。在 14,234 名符合条件的人中，有 1634 名受访者完成了调查（11.5%）。在参与干预研究的 5 个地点中，359 名符合条件的居民中有 244 名完成了调查（68%）。男性居民的平均 IAT 得分为 0.31 (SD 0.23)，女性为 0.14 (SD 0.24)，两者都倾向于男性担任领导角色，并且差异具有统计学意义 (p < 0.01)。 IAT 成绩在研究生年级 (PGY) 上没有差异。 IAT 评分和参与者人口统计数据的多变量分析证实女性性别与较低 IAT 评分之间存在显着关联。有利于男性领导角色的显性偏见与有利于男性领导角色的隐性偏见增加相关（r = 0.1 p < 0.001）。我们发现，美国居民中存在偏爱男性担任领导职务的性别偏见，这种偏见在男性和女性居民之间有所不同，并且与纪律有关。隐性偏见在不同的培训年限中没有差异，并且与显性偏见相关。