Primary health care plays a crucial role in providing recommendations on a healthy diet and physical activity to assist patients in weight management. The study aimed to evaluate health behaviour counselling provided by general practitioners (GPs) for adults with overweight and obesity in Lithuania between 2000 and 2014. Eight biennial postal surveys to independent nationally representative random samples of Lithuanians aged 20–64 were conducted. Response rates varied from 41.1 to 74%, with a decreasing trend over time. The data of 5867 participants who visited a GP at least once during the last year and had BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 were analysed. Respondents were asked about GP advice on nutrition and physical activity and changes in their health behaviour during the last year. The proportion of persons with overweight who reported GP advice on nutrition increased from 23.6% in 2000 to 37.5% in 2010 and advice on physical activity from 11.9 to 17.2% respectively; however, later both proportions decreased slightly. The likelihood of reporting was higher in respondents with higher BMI, more chronic conditions and frequent contact with a GP. Respondents who were living in cities, older and highly educated women were all more likely to report being advised on physical activity. Men and women who received advice from a GP more often reported changes in health behaviour as compared with non-advised individuals. Despite increasing trends, the rate of GP advice on nutrition and physical activity reported by patients with overweight and obesity remains low in Lithuania. GP advice appears to have a significant impact on attempts by patients to change behaviour related to weight control. Therefore, there is an obvious need to make additional efforts to increase the frequency of GP counselling and to identify and address barriers to advising patients with overweight.

中文翻译：

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2000-2014年立陶宛全科医生的营养和体育锻炼咨询

初级卫生保健在提供有关健康饮食和身体活动的建议以协助患者控制体重方面起着至关重要的作用。该研究旨在评估全科医生（GPs）在2000年至2014年间为立陶宛超重和肥胖成人提供的健康行为咨询。对独立的全国代表性的20-64岁立陶宛人进行了八次两年一度的邮政调查。响应率从41.1到74％不等，并且随着时间的推移呈下降趋势。分析了5867名参与者的数据，这些参与者在过去一年中至少访问过一次GP，且BMI≥25.0 kg / m2。在去年，受访者被问及有关GP的营养和身体活动以及健康行为变化的建议。报告关于全科医生的营养建议的超重人群所占比例从2000年的23.6％增加到2010年的37.5％，有关体育锻炼的建议所占比例从11.9增加到17.2％；但是，后来这两个比例均略有下降。BMI较高，慢性病更多且经常与GP接触的受访者报告的可能性更高。生活在城市中的受访者，年龄较大且受过良好教育的妇女更有可能报告被建议进行体育锻炼。接受过全科医生指导的男性和女性与未接受咨询的个人相比，更经常报告其健康行为发生了变化。尽管趋势呈上升趋势，但立陶宛超重和肥胖患者报告的有关营养和体育锻炼的GP建议率仍然很低。GP建议似乎对患者改变体重控制行为的尝试具有重大影响。因此，显然需要做出更多的努力来增加全科医生的咨询频率，并确定和解决为超重患者提供咨询的障碍。