This paper gives a brief review of energy and CO2 emissions related topics resulting from the chemical and related industries. The main issues, challenges and opportunities are highlighted together with perspectives of process alternatives for more efficient energy consumption and CO2 emission management. Analysis of the data indicate that not all available energy resources are being utilized efficiently, while the energy resources causing the largest emissions of CO2 are being used in the largest amounts. Also, the chemical and related industries are among the largest consumers of energy, indicating that solutions for reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in these industries need to be investigated. Information on promising alternatives for reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions are collected and a selection of them are evaluated. Also, two specific case studies involving energy intensive separation operations replaced by recently developed technologies that may achieve significant reductions in energy consumption, CO2 emissions and total annualized costs are presented. Through these examples issues of energy need versus CO2 neutral design, sustainable conversion, retrofit design, and process intensification for chemical and related industries are highlighted.

中文翻译：

---

化工及相关行业的能源和CO ₂管理：问题，机遇和挑战

本文简要回顾了化学和相关行业产生的与能源和CO2排放相关的主题。重点介绍了主要问题，挑战和机遇，并提出了可替代方法的观点，以实现更高效的能源消耗和CO2排放管理。对数据的分析表明，并非所有可用能源都得到了有效利用，而导致CO2排放量最大的能源却被大量使用。此外，化学及相关行业是最大的能源消耗者，这表明需要研究这些行业中降低能耗和减少CO2排放的解决方案。收集了有关减少能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的有前途的替代品的信息，并对其中的一些选择进行了评估。此外，还介绍了两个涉及高能耗分离操作的特定案例研究，这些研究被最新开发的技术所替代，这些技术可以显着降低能耗，CO2排放量和年度总成本。通过这些示例，重点介绍了能源需求与CO2中性设计，可持续转化，改造设计以及化工及相关行业的工艺强化问题。