Consumption of certain foods during pregnancy has been shown to have beneficial effects on childhood asthma and allergic disease development and aggravation. However, most studies provide conflicting results and the relationships between maternal preconceptional diet and risks of childhood asthma and allergic disease have not previously been explored. The objective of this study was to assess maternal diet during the year before pregnancy and the last 3 months of pregnancy and investigate their associations with the risks of asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in young children. The study sample consisted of 1140 mother–child pairs from the EDEN cohort. Mothers had responded to the food frequency questionnaires used to assess diet before and during pregnancy. Children were followed up using health questionnaires. The health outcomes studied were: asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis by the age of 3 years. Using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, significant inverse associations were observed between cooked green vegetable consumption before pregnancy and childhood asthma; consumption of eggs and raw vegetables before and during pregnancy, consumption of grains before pregnancy, and consumption of cooked green vegetables during pregnancy and allergic rhinitis. For the first time, a significant positive association was found between meat intake during the preconceptional period and a risk of wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Based on our findings, preconceptional and prenatal maternal intake of certain type of food groups may be preventive against asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis, whereas higher maternal intake of meat before pregnancy may increase the risk of wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in young children.

中文翻译：

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孕前和孕期的母亲饮食与儿童哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的风险

怀孕期间食用某些食物已被证明对儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病的发展和恶化有有益的影响。然而，大多数研究提供了相互矛盾的结果，并且以前没有探索过母亲孕前饮食与儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病风险之间的关系。本研究的目的是评估怀孕前一年和怀孕最后 3 个月的母亲饮食，并调查其与幼儿哮喘、喘息、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎风险的关系。研究样本由来自 EDEN 队列的 1140 对母子组成。母亲们对用于评估怀孕前和怀孕期间饮食的食物频率问卷做出了回应。使用健康问卷对儿童进行随访。研究的健康结果是：3 岁时出现哮喘、喘息、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎。使用多变量调整逻辑回归模型，观察到怀孕前食用煮熟的绿色蔬菜与儿童哮喘之间存在显着的负相关；怀孕前和怀孕期间食用鸡蛋和生蔬菜，怀孕前食用谷物，怀孕期间食用煮熟的绿色蔬菜和过敏性鼻炎。首次发现孕前肉类摄入量与喘息、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的风险之间存在显着的正相关关系。根据我们的研究结果，孕前和产前母亲摄入某些类型的食物可能会预防哮喘、喘息和过敏性鼻炎，