Abstract Geopolymer foams (highly porous materials) have emerged as one of the most exciting materials over the past few years due to their remarkable properties, low cost and green synthesis protocol, enabling their use in various high added-value applications. Review papers on porous geopolymers are uncommon, and the emphasis has been given to materials processing and properties, while the applications were only briefly addressed. This review aims to fill this gap by presenting a comprehensive literature survey and critical analysis of the most recent and exciting research carried out on geopolymer foams. Up to now, these bulk-type (not powders) materials have been mainly considered as thermal and acoustic insulators. However, besides addressing their use as building material, this review also shows that their use in less investigated, but environmentally and economically relevant applications (e.g. bulk-type adsorbents, pH buffering agents and catalysts), is feasible and might ensure performance and technical advantages over their powdered counterparts. The limitations, challenges and future prospects associated with the different applications are presented. This review shows the remarkable potential of geopolymer foams in high added-value applications, far beyond their historical use as Portland cement replacement, which may encourage the widespread technological use of these materials.

中文翻译：

---

地质聚合物泡沫：最新进展概述

摘要 地质聚合物泡沫（高多孔材料）由于其卓越的性能、低成本和绿色合成方案，在过去几年中成为最令人兴奋的材料之一，使其能够用于各种高附加值应用。关于多孔地质聚合物的评论论文并不常见，重点放在材料加工和性能上，而只是简要介绍了其应用。本综述旨在通过对地质聚合物泡沫的最新和令人兴奋的研究进行全面的文献调查和批判性分析来填补这一空白。到目前为止，这些块状（非粉末）材料主要被认为是隔热和隔音材料。然而，除了解决它们作为建筑材料的用途外，本次审查还表明，它们的使用研究较少，但与环境和经济相关的应用（例如散装型吸附剂、pH 缓冲剂和催化剂）是可行的，并且可能会确保其性能和技术优势超过粉状应用。介绍了与不同应用相关的局限性、挑战和未来前景。这篇综述显示了地质聚合物泡沫在高附加值应用中的巨大潜力，远远超出了它们作为波特兰水泥替代品的历史用途，这可能会鼓励这些材料的广泛技术使用。提出了与不同应用相关的挑战和未来前景。这篇综述显示了地质聚合物泡沫在高附加值应用中的巨大潜力，远远超出了它们作为波特兰水泥替代品的历史用途，这可能会鼓励这些材料的广泛技术使用。提出了与不同应用相关的挑战和未来前景。这篇综述显示了地质聚合物泡沫在高附加值应用中的巨大潜力，远远超出了它们作为波特兰水泥替代品的历史用途，这可能会鼓励这些材料的广泛技术使用。