A sensor array based on the pattern recognition strategy is good at distinguishing subtle changes of extremely similar mixtures over a wide range of analyte types. Particularly, colorimetric sensor arrays based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been applied widely in many fields for its simplicity, rapidity, cost-effective production, multi-information output, easy visualization of the color change, and even assay by naked eyes. This comprehensive review focuses on the development and state of the art of AuNPs-based colorimetric sensor arrays. Firstly, this review briefly describes the principle of a sensor array and discusses the design of the cross-reactive sensing elements. Secondly, the popular chemometric and statistical techniques (including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)) for analyzing the data from a sensor array have also been presented. Thirdly, a variety of applications of AuNPs-based colorimetric sensor arrays published throughout the literature have been reviewed in detail according to different sensing mechanisms (surface plasmon resonance, catalytic activity of mimetic enzyme, and multidimensional information) between AuNPs and target analytes. Finally, the remaining challenges and future trends in the development of colorimetric sensor array based on AuNPs have also been discussed.

基于模式识别策略的传感器阵列擅长区分各种分析物类型之间极其相似的混合物的细微变化。尤其是，基于金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的比色传感器阵列以其简单，快速，经济高效的生产，多信息输出，易于观察颜色变化，甚至可以通过肉眼进行检测而被广泛应用于许多领域。这篇全面的综述着重于基于AuNPs的比色传感器阵列的发展和技术水平。首先，本文简要介绍了传感器阵列的原理，并讨论了交叉反应式传感元件的设计。其次，流行的化学计量学和统计技术（包括层次聚类分析（HCA），主成分分析（PCA），还提出了用于分析来自传感器阵列的数据的线性判别分析（LDA）。第三，根据AuNPs和目标分析物之间的不同传感机制（表面等离振子共振，模拟酶的催化活性和多维信息），详细审查了在整个文献中公开的基于AuNPs的比色传感器阵列的各种应用。最后，还讨论了基于AuNP的比色传感器阵列开发中的剩余挑战和未来趋势。根据AuNP和目标分析物之间的不同传感机制（表面等离振子共振，模拟酶的催化活性和多维信息），详细审查了整个基于AuNPs的比色传感器阵列的各种应用。最后，还讨论了基于AuNP的比色传感器阵列开发中的剩余挑战和未来趋势。根据AuNP和目标分析物之间的不同传感机制（表面等离振子共振，模拟酶的催化活性和多维信息），详细审查了整个基于AuNPs的比色传感器阵列的各种应用。最后，还讨论了基于AuNP的比色传感器阵列开发中的剩余挑战和未来趋势。