When the human skin is chronically exposed to external stimuli such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the skin tissue suffers damage and the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the skin is disrupted. This eventually causes symptoms such as wrinkles loss of elasticity, skin sagging, and skin cancer. We previously found that hydrolysate extracted from pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is effective in improving wrinkle formation. In this study, we selected a pentapeptide that was expected to have the most wrinkle reduction effect among the various peptides in oyster hydrolysate through preliminary in vitro screening and examined whether the pentapeptide derived from oyster hydrolysate (OHP) is effective in reducing wrinkles in vivo. We investigated the wrinkle-reducing effect of the OHP through 18-week SKH-1 hairless mice model. Our results showed that the OHP reduces wrinkles lengths, depths, and epidermal thickness which were increased by UVB radiation, and restores the amount of collagen. The OHP recovered the activity of antioxidant enzymes and regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. We also found that OHP increases the expression of type I collagen through stimulating the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway and inhibits the MMPs expression by regulating the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway. This study has shown that the OHP plays crucial roles in collagen production and wrinkle reduction in hairless mice and we proved the possibility of the OHP as a component for inhibiting wrinkle formation which was induced by photoaging.

中文翻译：

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来自牡蛎水解产物的低分子多肽可恢复SKH-1无毛小鼠的光老化。

当人类皮肤长期暴露于外部刺激（例如紫外线（UV）辐射）时，皮肤组织会受到损害，皮肤中的细胞外基质（ECM）的结构会受到破坏。这最终会导致诸如皱纹失去弹性，皮肤松弛和皮肤癌等症状。我们先前发现从太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）提取的水解物可有效改善皱纹形成。在这项研究中，我们通过初步的体外筛选选择了在牡蛎水解产物中的各种肽中预期具有最大减皱作用的五肽，并研究了衍生自牡蛎水解产物（OHP）的五肽是否可有效减轻体内皱纹。我们通过18周的SKH-1无毛小鼠模型研究了OHP的减皱作用。我们的结果表明，OHP减少了由于UVB辐射而增加的皱纹长度，深度和表皮厚度，并恢复了胶原蛋白的量。OHP恢复了抗氧化酶的活性并调节了促炎细胞因子的表达。我们还发现，OHP通过刺激TGFβ/ Smad信号通路增加I型胶原蛋白的表达，并通过调节MAPK / AP-1信号通路抑制MMPs的表达。这项研究表明，OHP在无毛小鼠的胶原蛋白生成和减少皱纹中起着至关重要的作用，我们证明了OHP作为抑制光老化引起的皱纹形成的成分的可能性。并恢复胶原蛋白的量。OHP恢复了抗氧化酶的活性并调节了促炎细胞因子的表达。我们还发现，OHP通过刺激TGFβ/ Smad信号通路增加I型胶原蛋白的表达，并通过调节MAPK / AP-1信号通路抑制MMPs的表达。这项研究表明，OHP在无毛小鼠的胶原蛋白生成和减少皱纹中起着至关重要的作用，我们证明了OHP作为抑制光老化引起的皱纹形成的成分的可能性。并恢复胶原蛋白的量。OHP恢复了抗氧化酶的活性并调节了促炎细胞因子的表达。我们还发现，OHP通过刺激TGFβ/ Smad信号通路增加I型胶原蛋白的表达，并通过调节MAPK / AP-1信号通路抑制MMPs的表达。这项研究表明，OHP在无毛小鼠的胶原蛋白生成和减少皱纹中起着至关重要的作用，我们证明了OHP作为抑制光老化引起的皱纹形成的成分的可能性。我们还发现，OHP通过刺激TGFβ/ Smad信号通路增加I型胶原蛋白的表达，并通过调节MAPK / AP-1信号通路抑制MMPs的表达。这项研究表明，OHP在无毛小鼠的胶原蛋白生成和减少皱纹中起着至关重要的作用，我们证明了OHP作为抑制光老化引起的皱纹形成的成分的可能性。我们还发现，OHP通过刺激TGFβ/ Smad信号通路增加I型胶原蛋白的表达，并通过调节MAPK / AP-1信号通路抑制MMPs的表达。这项研究表明，OHP在无毛小鼠的胶原蛋白生成和减少皱纹中起着至关重要的作用，我们证明了OHP作为抑制光老化引起的皱纹形成的成分的可能性。