We propose a new array configuration composed of multi-scale scalar arrays and a single triangular spatially spread electromagnetic-vector-sensor (SS-EMVS) for high-accuracy two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Two scalar arrays are placed along x-axis and y-axis, respectively, each array consists of two uniform linear arrays (ULAs), and these two ULAs have different inter-element spacings. In this manner, these two scalar arrays form a multi-scale L-shaped array. The two arms of this L-shaped scalar array are connected by a six-component SS-EMVS, which is composed of a spatially spread dipole-triad plus a spatially spread loop-triad. All the inter-element spacings in our proposed array can be larger than a half-wavelength of the incident source, thus to form a sparse array to mitigate the mutual coupling across antennas. In the proposed DOA estimation algorithm, we perform the vector-cross-product algorithm to the SS-EMVS to obtain a set of low-accuracy but unambiguous direction cosine estimation as a reference; we then impose estimation of signal parameters via rotation invariant technique (ESPRIT) algorithm to the two scalar arrays to get two sets of high-accuracy but cyclically ambiguous direction cosine estimations. Finally, the coarse estimation is used to disambiguate the fine but ambiguous estimations progressively and therefore a multiple-order disambiguation algorithm is developed. The proposed array enjoys the superiority of low redundancy and low mutual coupling. Moreover, the thresholds of the inter-sensor spacings utilized in the proposed array are also analyzed. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed array geometry.

我们提出了一种由多尺度标量阵列和单个三角形空间扩展电磁矢量传感器（SS-EMVS）组成的新阵列配置，用于高精度二维（2D）到达方向（DOA）估计。沿x轴和y放置两个标量数组轴分别由两个均匀的线性阵列（ULA）组成，并且这两个ULA具有不同的元素间距。以这种方式，这两个标量阵列形成了多尺度的L形阵列。这个L形标量阵列的两个臂由一个六分量SS-EMVS连接，该SS-EMVS由一个空间扩展的偶极三元组和一个空间扩展的环形三元组组成。我们提出的阵列中所有元素间的间距都可以大于入射源的半波长，从而形成一个稀疏阵列，以减轻天线之间的相互耦合。在提出的DOA估计算法中，我们对SS-EMVS执行向量叉积算法，以获得一组低精度但方向明确的余弦估计作为参考；然后，我们通过旋转不变技术（ESPRIT）算法对两个标量数组进行信号参数估计，以得到两组高精度但循环模糊的方向余弦估计。最后，使用粗略估计逐步消除细微但模棱两可的估计，从而开发了一种多阶消歧算法。所提出的阵列具有低冗余和低互耦的优点。此外，还分析了在所提出的阵列中利用的传感器间间距的阈值。仿真结果验证了所提出的阵列几何形状的性能。粗估计用于逐步消除精细但模棱两可的估计，因此开发了一种多阶消歧算法。所提出的阵列具有低冗余和低互耦的优点。此外，还分析了在所提出的阵列中利用的传感器间间距的阈值。仿真结果验证了所提出的阵列几何形状的性能。粗估计用于逐步消除精细但模棱两可的估计，因此开发了一种多阶消歧算法。所提出的阵列具有低冗余和低互耦的优点。此外，还分析了在所提出的阵列中利用的传感器间间距的阈值。仿真结果验证了所提出的阵列几何形状的性能。