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Explore with caution: mapping the evolution of scientific interest in physics
EPJ Data Science ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-11 , DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-019-0205-9
Alberto Aleta , Sandro Meloni , Nicola Perra , Yamir Moreno

In the book The Essential Tension (1979) Thomas Kuhn described the conflict between tradition and innovation in scientific research—i.e., the desire to explore new promising areas, counterposed to the need to capitalize on the work done in the past. While it is probable that along their careers many scientists felt this tension, only few works have tried to quantify it. Here, we address this question by analyzing a large-scale dataset, containing all the papers published by the American Physical Society (APS) in 26 years, which allows for a better understanding of scientists’ careers evolution in Physics. We employ the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) present in each paper to map the scientific interests of 103,246 authors and their evolution along the years. Our results indeed confirm the existence of the “essential tension” with scientists balancing between exploring the boundaries of their area and exploiting previous work. In particular, we found that although the majority of physicists change the topics of their research, they stay within the same broader area thus exploring with caution new scientific endeavors. Furthermore, we quantify the flows of authors moving between different subfields and pinpoint which areas are more likely to attract or donate researchers to the other ones. Overall, our results depict a very distinctive portrait of the evolution of research interests in Physics and can help in designing specific policies for the future.

中文翻译:

谨慎探索:绘制物理学中科学兴趣的演变图

《基本张力》一书中 (1979)托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kuhn)描述了科学研究中传统与创新之间的冲突,即探索新的有前途的领域的愿望,这与利用过去所做的工作相对应。尽管许多科学家在他们的职业生涯中可能会感到这种紧张,但只有极少数的作品试图量化这种紧张。在这里,我们通过分析一个大型数据集来解决这个问题,该数据集包含了美国物理学会(APS)在26年中发表的所有论文,这使人们可以更好地了解科学家在物理学上的职业发展。我们采用每篇论文中介绍的物理和天文学分类方案(PACS)来绘制103246位作者的科学兴趣及其多年来的发展历程。我们的结果确实证实了“基本张力”的存在,科学家们在探索其领域的边界与开发先前的工作之间取得了平衡。尤其是,我们发现,尽管大多数物理学家改变了他们的研究主题,但他们仍处在相同的广阔领域内,因此谨慎地探索了新的科学成果。此外,我们量化了在不同子领域之间移动的作者流,并指出了哪些领域更可能吸引研究人员或将研究人员捐赠给其他领域。总体而言,我们的结果描绘了物理学中研究兴趣的演变的非常独特的肖像,并且可以帮助设计未来的特定策略。我们发现,尽管大多数物理学家改变了他们的研究主题,但他们仍处在相同的广阔领域内,因此谨慎地探索了新的科学成果。此外,我们量化了在不同子领域之间移动的作者流,并指出了哪些区域更可能吸引研究人员或将研究人员捐赠给其他领域。总体而言,我们的结果描绘了物理学中研究兴趣的演变的非常独特的肖像,并且可以帮助设计未来的特定策略。我们发现,尽管大多数物理学家改变了他们的研究主题,但他们仍处在相同的广阔领域内,因此谨慎地探索了新的科学成果。此外,我们量化了在不同子领域之间移动的作者流,并指出了哪些领域更可能吸引研究人员或将研究人员捐赠给其他领域。总体而言,我们的结果描绘了物理学中研究兴趣的演变的非常独特的肖像,并且可以帮助设计未来的特定策略。
更新日期:2019-09-11
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