Three homogeneous organosilanes amine and aliphatic primary amine were used as amine catalysts to evaluate their catalytic activity and kinetic towards glucose isomerization. Catalysts structure (primary, secondary, tertiary amine), terminal groups and alkyl chain length were investigated and compared elaborately. Result showed organosilanes tertiary amine behaved the best and amine generated OH⁻ and amine itself contributed the isomerization reaction. The generated acidic by-product not only decreased fructose selectivity but also affected glucose conversion kinetic. The effect of siloxane (–Si–O–CH₃) substituent with methyl (–CH₃) can be insignificant, but it provided guiding significance for selecting amine-type homogeneous or grafted amine catalysts for glucose isomerization reaction. Longer alkyl chain resulted in lower glucose conversion because of the alkyl chain curls that would weaken the amine catalytic effect and hydration ability. Catalyst loading and initial glucose concentration investigations further showed that amine would effectively catalyze the isomerization reaction under varied operational conditions. This work will provide more details about organic amine catalysts on glucose isomerization into fructose and promote synthesis of platform chemicals in the applications of biorenewable chemicals and fuel

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中文翻译：

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用均相胺型碱催化剂将葡萄糖异构化为果糖：胺结构，链长和动力学

三种均相的有机硅烷胺和脂肪族伯胺被用作胺催化剂，以评估它们的催化活性和对葡萄糖异构化的动力学。研究并详细比较了催化剂的结构（伯，仲，叔胺），端基和烷基链长。结果表明有机硅烷叔胺表现最好的和胺生成的OH ^-和胺本身作出贡献的异构化反应。产生的酸性副产物不仅降低了果糖的选择性，而且还影响了葡萄糖的转化动力学。硅氧烷（–Si–O–CH ₃）取代基与甲基（–CH _{3的影响）}）虽然可以忽略不计，但为选择用于葡萄糖异构化反应的胺型均相或接枝胺催化剂提供了指导意义。较长的烷基链导致较低的葡萄糖转化率，因为烷基链卷曲会削弱胺的催化作用和水合能力。催化剂的负载和初始葡萄糖浓度的研究进一步表明，胺在不同的操作条件下将有效催化异构化反应。这项工作将提供有关有机胺催化剂将葡萄糖异构化为果糖的更多详细信息，并在生物可再生化学品和燃料的应用中促进平台化学品的合成

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