Abstract Dual functional deep eutectic solvent (DES) generated by the complexation of choline chloride and ZnCl2 was applied as both soft template and nitrogen source for the preparation of nanoporous carbons from sustainable lignin resource. Urea was purposely introduced as an additional nitrogen source as well as porogen. The diverse carbons were obtained by thermal treatment of the physical mixtures under N2 atmosphere in one-step. Physico-chemical characterization of the resultant carbons demonstrated that the presence of urea plays a key role in the formation of abundant micropores. With the incorporation of urea into the DES-templated system, the pore structure dominated by small mesopores evolved to a desirable micro-mesoporous hierarchical texture and exhibited a broccoli-like morphology. It has been demonstrated that the broccoli-like carbons exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance when used as electrodes in supercapacitors ascribed to the synergistic effect between rational micro-mesoporous structure and excellent nitrogen-doping efficiency (ca. 4–10 wt%).

中文翻译：

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深共熔溶剂促进酶水解木质素可调合成氮掺杂纳米多孔碳，用于超级电容器

摘要 以氯化胆碱和氯化锌络合产生的双功能深共熔溶剂 (DES) 作为软模板和氮源，用于从可持续木质素资源制备纳米多孔碳。尿素被有意引入作为额外的氮源和致孔剂。不同的碳是通过在 N2 气氛下一步热处理物理混合物而获得的。所得碳的物理化学表征表明尿素的存在在丰富微孔的形成中起着关键作用。随着尿素加入 DES 模板系统，以小介孔为主的孔结构演变为理想的微介孔分层结构，并表现出类似西兰花的形态。