The evolution of mankind has constantly been influenced by the pathogens encountered. The various populations of modern humans that ventured out of Africa adapted to different environments and faced a large variety of infectious agents, resulting in local adaptations of the immune system for these populations. The functional variation of immune genes as a result of evolution is relevant in the responses against infection, as well as in the emergence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases observed in modern populations. Understanding how host-pathogen interactions have influenced the human immune system from an evolutionary perspective might contribute to unveiling the causes behind different immune-mediated disorders and promote the development of new strategies to detect and control such diseases.

中文翻译：

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历史性迁徙和进化过程对人类免疫力的影响。


人类的进化不断受到所遇到的病原体的影响。走出非洲的不同现代人类群体适应了不同的环境，并面临着各种各样的传染源，导致这些群体的免疫系统发生了局部适应。进化导致的免疫基因的功能变异与针对感染的反应以及现代人群中观察到的自身免疫和炎症性疾病的出现有关。从进化的角度了解宿主与病原体的相互作用如何影响人类免疫系统可能有助于揭示不同免疫介导疾病背后的原因，并促进开发检测和控制此类疾病的新策略。