The evolution of mankind has constantly been influenced by the pathogens encountered. The various populations of modern humans that ventured out of Africa adapted to different environments and faced a large variety of infectious agents, resulting in local adaptations of the immune system for these populations. The functional variation of immune genes as a result of evolution is relevant in the responses against infection, as well as in the emergence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases observed in modern populations. Understanding how host-pathogen interactions have influenced the human immune system from an evolutionary perspective might contribute to unveiling the causes behind different immune-mediated disorders and promote the development of new strategies to detect and control such diseases.

中文翻译：

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历史迁移和进化过程对人类免疫力的影响。

人类的进化不断受到所遇到的病原体的影响。走出非洲的各种现代人类种群适应了不同的环境，并面临着种类繁多的传染源，导致免疫系统对这些种群进行了局部适应。作为进化结果的免疫基因的功能变异与对感染的反应以及在现代人群中观察到的自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的出现有关。从进化的角度了解宿主-病原体相互作用如何影响人类免疫系统可能有助于揭示不同免疫介导疾病背后的原因，并促进开发检测和控制此类疾病的新策略。