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Humanized Stem Cell Models of Pediatric Medulloblastoma Reveal an Oct4/mTOR Axis that Promotes Malignancy.
Cell Stem Cell ( IF 19.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.005
Matko Čančer 1 , Sonja Hutter 1 , Karl O Holmberg 1 , Gabriela Rosén 1 , Anders Sundström 1 , Jignesh Tailor 2 , Tobias Bergström 1 , Alexandra Garancher 3 , Magnus Essand 1 , Robert J Wechsler-Reya 3 , Anna Falk 4 , Holger Weishaupt 1 , Fredrik J Swartling 1
Affiliation  

Medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor, can arise from cellular malfunctions during hindbrain development. Here we generate humanized models for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup MB via MYCN overexpression in primary human hindbrain-derived neuroepithelial stem (hbNES) cells or iPSC-derived NES cells, which display a range of aggressive phenotypes upon xenografting. iPSC-derived NES tumors develop quickly with leptomeningeal dissemination, whereas hbNES-derived cells exhibit delayed tumor formation with less dissemination. Methylation and expression profiling show that tumors from both origins recapitulate hallmarks of infant SHH MB and reveal that mTOR activation, as a result of increased Oct4, promotes aggressiveness of human SHH tumors. Targeting mTOR decreases cell viability and prolongs survival, showing the utility of these varied models for dissecting mechanisms mediating tumor aggression and demonstrating the value of humanized models for a better understanding of pediatric cancers.

中文翻译:

小儿髓母细胞瘤的人源化干细胞模型揭示了促进恶性肿瘤的 Oct4/mTOR 轴。

髓母细胞瘤 (MB) 是儿童期最常见的恶性脑肿瘤,它可能由后脑发育过程中的细胞功能障碍引起。在这里,我们通过在原代人后脑衍生的神经上皮干 (hbNES) 细胞或 iPSC 衍生的 NES 细胞中过表达 MYCN 生成 Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-亚组 MB 的人源化模型,这些细胞在异种移植后显示出一系列侵袭性表型。iPSC 衍生的 NES 肿瘤随着软脑膜播散迅速发展,而 hbNES 衍生的细胞表现出延迟的肿瘤形成,传播较少。甲基化和表达谱表明,两种来源的肿瘤都概括了婴儿 SHH MB 的标志,并揭示了由于 Oct4 增加而导致的 mTOR 激活促进了人类 SHH 肿瘤的侵袭性。靶向 mTOR 会降低细胞活力并延长存活时间,
更新日期:2019-11-28
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