Absence of adequate maternal vitamin D supplementation and decreased maternal ultraviolet exposure during pregnancy are key determinants for the manifestation of neonatal hypovitaminosis D at birth. These parameters may vary, according to country-specific dietary patterns, health policies and sunshine exposure. We aimed to investigate differences in calcium metabolism and anthropometric profiles according to neonatal vitamin D status at birth, in a sunny region of Northern Greece. A secondary aim was to identify maternal parameters as risk factors for developing neonatal vitamin D deficiency at birth. A total of 129 mother-neonate pairs were included in the study and classified into three groups, according to neonatal 25-hydroxy-D [25(OH)D)] concentrations at birth [deficiency (<30 nmol/l), insufficiency (30-50 nmol/l) and sufficiency (>50 nmol/l)]. Neonatal biochemical and anthropometric profiles and maternal demographic, social, dietary and biochemical profiles were comparatively evaluated between the three groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent associations of maternal factors with neonatal vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficient-neonates manifested higher parathyroid hormone (7.20 ± 2.60 vs 5.50 ± 1.50 pg/ml, p = 0.01) and lower corrected calcium (10.70 ± 0.70 vs 11.30 ± 1.30 mg/dl, p = 0.02) concentrations compared with vitamin d-insufficient neonates. Mothers of vitamin D deficient and insufficient neonates had a lower total of 25(OH)D (31.7 ± 19.2 and 36.5 ± 22.3 vs 53.3 ± 39.0 nmol/l, p < 0.01) and 25(OH)D3 (27.4 ± 17.5 and 33.3 ± 19.9 vs 47.3 ± 36.7 nmol/l, p < 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively) concentrations respectively, compared with those of vitamin D-sufficient neonates. Maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy was associated with a 5.57-fold higher risk for neonatal vitamin D deficiency at birth (OR 5.57, 95 % CI1.17-26.56, p = 0.03). Newborns with vitamin D deficiency presented a 6.89-fold higher risk of having been given birth by vitamin D deficient mothers (OR 6.89, 95 % CI 3.09-15.38, p < 0.01). In conclusion, neonatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with maternal 25(OH)D concentrations at birth and maternal alcohol use. Further studies are required to replicate these findings in other regions and populations.

中文翻译：

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现代时代新生儿维生素D缺乏症的特征：来自南欧的母婴出生队列。

孕期缺乏足够的母体维生素D补充和孕产妇紫外线暴露的减少是出生时新生儿维生素D缺乏表现的关键因素。这些参数可能会因国家/地区的饮食习惯，健康政策和日照而异。我们旨在根据希腊北部一个阳光明媚的地区出生时新生儿维生素D状况调查钙代谢和人体测量学特征的差异。第二个目的是确定孕产妇参数是出生时发展为新生儿维生素D缺乏症的危险因素。根据出生时新生儿的25-羟基-D [25（OH）D）浓度[缺陷（<30 nmol / l），功能不全（ 30-50 nmol / l）和充足性（> 50 nmol / l）]。在三组之间比较了新生儿生化和人体测量特征以及母亲的人口，社会，饮食和生化特征。进行单因素和多因素logistic回归，以鉴定母亲因素与新生儿维生素D状况的独立关联。与维生素D相比，维生素D缺乏新生儿的甲状旁腺激素含量更高（7.20±2.60 vs 5.50±1.50 pg / ml，p = 0.01）和较低的校正钙浓度（10.70±0.70 vs 11.30±1.30 mg / dl，p = 0.02） -新生儿不足。缺乏维生素D和不足的新生儿的母亲的25（OH）D总数较低（31.7±19.2和36.5±22.3 vs 53.3±39.0 nmol / l，p <0.01）和25（OH）D3（27.4±17.5和33.3） ±19.9 vs 47.3±36.7 nmol / l，p <0.01和p = 0.04，分别与维生素D充足的新生儿相比。孕妇在怀孕期间饮酒与新生儿出生时维生素D缺乏症风险高5.57倍相关（OR 5.57，95％CI1.17-26.56，p = 0.03）。维生素D缺乏的新生儿的维生素D缺乏母亲分娩的危险性高6.89倍（OR 6.89，95％CI 3.09-15.38，p <0.01）。总之，新生儿维生素D缺乏与出生时母亲的25（OH）D浓度和母亲饮酒有关。需要进一步的研究以在其他地区和人群中复制这些发现。95％CI1.17-26.56，p = 0.03）。维生素D缺乏的新生儿的维生素D缺乏母亲分娩的危险性高6.89倍（OR 6.89，95％CI 3.09-15.38，p <0.01）。总之，新生儿维生素D缺乏与出生时母亲的25（OH）D浓度和母亲饮酒有关。需要进一步的研究以在其他地区和人群中复制这些发现。95％CI1.17-26.56，p = 0.03）。维生素D缺乏症的新生儿出现维生素D缺乏症的母亲分娩的风险高6.89倍（OR 6.89，95％CI 3.09-15.38，p <0.01）。总之，新生儿维生素D缺乏与出生时母亲的25（OH）D浓度和母亲饮酒有关。需要进一步的研究以在其他地区和人群中复制这些发现。