This study presents a mathematical programming approach for evaluating the exploitation and distribution of shale gas from potential reserves at a national level, depending upon existing infrastructure and water availability. The study describes an MILP model that simultaneously integrates water management with the design and planning of the supply chain, from basins to distribution markets and fresh water supply from available watersheds. The model is applied to a case based on the potential exploitation of shale gas basins in Mexico. The parameters of the model are mostly taken from the databases of the country, processed through the geographic information system ArcGIS. The solution provides the optimal decisions for exploitation and distribution, as well as for freshwater source selection and optimal wastewater management. Water management strategies include disposal, wastewater treatment in municipal plants and onsite treatment. The negative impact of water consumption of the optimal exploitation systems is assessed based mainly on the estimation of the water stress index. Results show that the shale gas exploitation would favor the energy independence of the country, but the availability of freshwater for some municipalities would be compromised.

这项研究提出了一种数学规划方法，用于根据国家现有基础设施和水的可利用性来评估国家一级潜在储量中的页岩气的开采和分配。该研究描述了一种MILP模型，该模型同时将水资源管理与供应链的设计和规划（从流域到配水市场）和可用分水岭的淡水供应相结合。该模型应用于基于墨西哥页岩气盆地潜在开发的案例。该模型的参数大部分取自该国的数据库，并通过地理信息系统ArcGIS处理。该解决方案为开发和分配以及淡水源选择和最佳废水管理提供了最佳决策。水管理策略包括处置，市政工厂的废水处理和现场处理。最佳开发系统的耗水量的负面影响主要基于对水分胁迫指数的估算。结果表明，页岩气的开采将有利于该国的能源独立，但某些城市的淡水供应将受到损害。