Colorimetric assay for the rapid determination of free-base nicotine in e-liquid,Analytical Methods

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Colorimetric assay for the rapid determination of free-base nicotine in e-liquid
Analytical Methods ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1039/c9ay02280e
Yan-Jun Huang _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Qi-Xin Deng _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Hong-Qiao Lan _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Zheng-Zhong Fang _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Hui Chen _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Yan Lin _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Han-Chun Xu _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Tony D. James _{5,

6,

7,

8} , Wei Xie _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Nicotine exists in e-liquids primarily as the monoprotonated form and free-base form, the former is absorbed by the smoker relatively slowly and the latter is considered the bioavailable form of nicotine. Nowadays e-liquid manufacturers tend to increase nicotine in smoke aerosols, up to a content comparable to conventional cigarettes. Organic acids are added to suppress nicotine in free-base from, because the quick absorption of free-base nicotine (FBN) by the upper respiratory tract produces more bitterness and harshness to smokers. Although several methods have been developed to access FBN in conventional cigarettes or electronic cigarettes, spectrometric methods have rarely been reported. A water-solubility indicator Alizarin Red S (ARS) was introduced for the measurement of free-base nicotine. Since ARS exhibits lower acidity than organic acids, it does not compete for the tertiary amine with organic acids, but can only interact with FBN. The ARS turns from pale yellow to pink once it has been deprotonated by nicotine, and the binding constant between ARS and nicotine was determined to be 1.08 × 10⁶ M⁻¹. A linear calibration curve A = 0.0056c + 0.3309 with r² = 0.9984 as a function of FBN was constructed, and applied for the evaluation of FBN in prepared e-liquid samples, with RMSE 1.12 mg g⁻¹ for the 20 mg g⁻¹ liquids, and 1.37 mg g⁻¹ for the 50 mg g⁻¹ liquids. The evaluation of FBN in commercial e-liquids agreed well with published e-liquid values. It is believed that the convenient method herein developed will be useful for manufacturers to balance the strength and harshness levels of nicotine in e-liquids.

中文翻译：

比色法快速测定电子液体中的游离碱烟碱

尼古丁主要以单质子化形式和游离碱形式存在于电子液体中，前者被吸烟者吸收的速度相对较慢，后者被认为是尼古丁的生物利用形式。如今，电子烟液制造商倾向于增加烟雾中的尼古丁含量，使其含量可与传统卷烟相媲美。加入有机酸可抑制游离碱中的尼古丁，因为上呼吸道对游离碱尼古丁（FBN）的快速吸收会给吸烟者带来更多的苦味和刺激性。尽管已经开发了几种方法来获取常规香烟或电子香烟中的FBN，但很少报道了光谱法。引入了水溶性指示剂茜素红S（ARS）用于测量游离碱尼古丁。由于ARS的酸度低于有机酸，因此它不会与有机酸竞争叔胺，而只能与FBN相互作用。尼古丁使ARS质子化后，ARS由浅黄色变为粉红色，ARS与尼古丁之间的结合常数确定为1.08×10⁶ M^-1。线性校准曲线甲= 0.0056 Ç + 0.3309与[R ² = 0.9984作为FBN的函数构造，并申请了FBN的制备的E-液体样品中的评价，与RMSE 1.12毫克克^-1为20毫克克^{- 1}液体，对于50 mg g^-1液体为1.37 mg g^-1。商业电子液体中FBN的评估与已公布的电子液体价值非常吻合。相信本文开发的便利方法对于制造商在电子液体中平衡烟碱的强度和苛刻度水平将是有用的。

更新日期：2019-11-26

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