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Soft temperature-responsive microgels of complex shape in stop-flow lithography.
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00749k Hanna J M Wolff 1 , John Linkhorst 1 , Tim Göttlich 1 , Johann Savinsky 1 , Andreas J D Krüger 2 , Laura de Laporte 3 , Matthias Wessling 4
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00749k Hanna J M Wolff 1 , John Linkhorst 1 , Tim Göttlich 1 , Johann Savinsky 1 , Andreas J D Krüger 2 , Laura de Laporte 3 , Matthias Wessling 4
Affiliation
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Stop-flow lithography (SFL) has emerged as a facile high-throughput fabrication method for μm-sized anisometric particles; yet, the fabrication of soft, anisometric microgels has not frequently been addressed in the literature. Furthermore, and to the best of the authors' knowledge, no soft, complex-shaped microgels with temperature-responsive behavior have been fabricated with this technology before. However, such microgels have tremendous potential as building blocks and actuating elements in rapidly developing fields, such as tissue engineering and additive manufacturing of soft polymeric building blocks, bio-hybrid materials, or soft micro-robotics. Given their great potential, we prove in this work that SFL is a viable method for the fabrication of soft, temperature-responsive, and complex-shaped microgels. The microgels, fabricated in this work, consist of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm), which is crosslinked with N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide). The results confirm that the shape of the pNIPAm microgels is determined by the transparency mask, used in SFL. Furthermore, it is shown that, in order to realize stable microgels, a minimum threshold of crosslinker concentration of 2 wt% is required. Above this threshold, the stiffness of pNIPAm microgels can be deliberately altered by adjusting the concentration of the crosslinker. The fabricated pNIPAm microgels show the targeted temperature-responsive behavior. Within this context, temperature-dependent reversible swelling is confirmed, even for fractal-like geometries, such as micro snowflakes. Thus, these microgels provide the targeted unique combination of softness, shape complexity, and temperature responsiveness and increase the freedom of design for actuated building blocks.
中文翻译：
阻流光刻中形状复杂的温度响应软凝胶。
停止流光刻（SFL）已经成为一种用于微米级等距颗粒的简便，高通量的制造方法。然而，软的，等距的微凝胶的制备在文献中并不经常涉及。此外，据作者所知，以前尚未使用该技术制造出具有温度响应行为的柔软，复杂形状的微凝胶。但是，这种微凝胶在快速发展的领域中具有巨大的潜力，可作为构件和促动元件，例如软聚合物构件，生物杂交材料或软微型机器人的组织工程和增材制造。鉴于它们的巨大潜力，我们在这项工作中证明SFL是制造柔软，温度敏感和复杂形状的微凝胶的可行方法。微凝胶与N，N交联的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（pNIPAm）′-亚甲基双（丙烯酰胺）。结果证实，pNIPAm微凝胶的形状由SFL中使用的透明掩模决定。此外，显示出，为了实现稳定的微凝胶，要求交联剂浓度的最小阈值为2重量％。高于该阈值，可以通过调节交联剂的浓度来故意改变pNIPAm微凝胶的刚度。制成的pNIPAm微凝胶显示出目标温度响应行为。在这种情况下，即使对于像分形的几何形状（例如微雪花），也可以确认与温度有关的可逆膨胀。因此，这些微凝胶提供了柔软性，形状复杂性和温度响应性的目标独特组合，并增加了致动积木的设计自由度。
更新日期：2019-11-26
中文翻译：
阻流光刻中形状复杂的温度响应软凝胶。
停止流光刻（SFL）已经成为一种用于微米级等距颗粒的简便，高通量的制造方法。然而，软的，等距的微凝胶的制备在文献中并不经常涉及。此外，据作者所知，以前尚未使用该技术制造出具有温度响应行为的柔软，复杂形状的微凝胶。但是，这种微凝胶在快速发展的领域中具有巨大的潜力，可作为构件和促动元件，例如软聚合物构件，生物杂交材料或软微型机器人的组织工程和增材制造。鉴于它们的巨大潜力，我们在这项工作中证明SFL是制造柔软，温度敏感和复杂形状的微凝胶的可行方法。微凝胶与N，N交联的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（pNIPAm）′-亚甲基双（丙烯酰胺）。结果证实，pNIPAm微凝胶的形状由SFL中使用的透明掩模决定。此外，显示出，为了实现稳定的微凝胶，要求交联剂浓度的最小阈值为2重量％。高于该阈值，可以通过调节交联剂的浓度来故意改变pNIPAm微凝胶的刚度。制成的pNIPAm微凝胶显示出目标温度响应行为。在这种情况下，即使对于像分形的几何形状（例如微雪花），也可以确认与温度有关的可逆膨胀。因此，这些微凝胶提供了柔软性，形状复杂性和温度响应性的目标独特组合，并增加了致动积木的设计自由度。
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