Susceptibility to xenobiotic exposures is variable. One factor that might account for this is the microbiome, which encompasses all microorganisms, their encoded genes, and associated functions that colonize a host organism. Microbiota harbor the capacity to affect the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of xenobiotic exposures. The neurotoxicological effects of environmental chemicals may be modified by intestinal microbes via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is a complex, bi-directional signaling pathway between intestinal microbes and the host nervous system. As a model organism, zebrafish are extremely well-placed to illuminate mechanisms by which microbiota modify the developmental neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals. The goal of this review article is to examine the microbiota-gut-brain axis in a toxicological context, specifically focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the zebrafish model for the investigation of interactions between xenobiotic agents and host-associated microbes. Previous studies describing the relationship between intestinal microbes and host neurodevelopment will be discussed. From a neurotoxicological perspective, studies utilizing zebrafish to assess links between neurotoxicological outcomes and the microbiome are emphasized. Overall, there are major gaps in our understanding the mechanisms by which microbiota interact with xenobiotics to cause or modify host neurotoxicity. In this review, we demonstrate that zebrafish are an ideal model system for studying the complex relationship between chemical exposures, microorganisms, and host neurotoxicological outcomes.

中文翻译：

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探索斑马鱼中异种生物，微生物群和神经毒性之间的相互作用。

异种生物接触的易感性是可变的。可能导致这一现象的一个因素是微生物组，它涵盖了所有微生物，它们的编码基因以及在宿主生物中定殖的相关功能。微生物群具有影响异源生物暴露的毒物动力学和毒物动力学的能力。肠道微生物可通过微生物菌群-肠脑轴来改变环境化学物质的神经毒理作用。这是肠道微生物与宿主神经系统之间的复杂双向信号传导途径。作为模型生物，斑马鱼的位置非常合适，可以阐明微生物群修饰环境化学物质对发育神经毒性的机制。这篇评论文章的目的是在毒理学背景下检查微生物群-肠脑轴，特别关注斑马鱼模型的优缺点，以研究异种生物制剂与宿主相关微生物之间的相互作用。将讨论先前描述肠道微生物与宿主神经发育之间关系的研究。从神经毒理学的角度，强调了利用斑马鱼评估神经毒理学结果与微生物组之间联系的研究。总体而言，在我们对微生物群与异种生物相互作用引起或修饰宿主神经毒性的机制的理解中，存在重大差距。在这篇综述中，我们证明了斑马鱼是研究化学暴露，微生物和宿主神经毒理学结果之间复杂关系的理想模型系统。