Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the most frequent autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs), is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in the iodine-sufficient areas of the world. About 20-30% of patients suffers from HT, whose cause is thought to be a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors that causes the loss of immunological tolerance, with a consequent autoimmune attack to the thyroid tissue and appearance of the disease. The pathologic features of lymphocytic infiltration, especially of T cells, and follicular destruction are the histological hallmark of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), that lead to gradual atrophy and fibrosis. An important role in the immune-pathogenesis of AITDs is due to chemokines and cytokines. In about 20% of patients, AITDs are associated with other organ specific/systemic autoimmune disorders. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between papillary thyroid cancer and AITD. The treatment of hypothyroidism, as result of AIT, consists in daily assumption of synthetic levothyroxine.

中文翻译：

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桥本氏甲状腺炎：流行病学，发病机制，临床和治疗。

桥本甲状腺炎（HT）是最常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD），是世界上碘充足地区甲状腺功能低下的主要原因。大约20％至30％的患者患有HT，其原因被认为是遗传易感性和环境因素的结合，导致免疫耐受性丧失，继而对甲状腺组织进行自身免疫攻击并出现疾病。淋巴细胞浸润，特别是T细胞浸润和滤泡破坏的病理特征是自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AIT）的组织学标志，导致逐渐萎缩和纤维化。在AITD的免疫发病机制中的重要作用是由于趋化因子和细胞因子。在约20％的患者中，AITD与其他器官特异性/全身性自身免疫性疾病相关。许多研究表明甲状腺乳头状癌与AITD之间的关系。AIT导致的甲状腺功能减退症的治疗包括每日服用合成的左甲状腺素。