Japan officially introduced cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in 2019, whereas some countries, such as England, Sweden, Canada, and Australia, have experience with health technology assessment (HTA). Therefore, there are few reports that comprehensively examine the situation of health economic evaluation in Japan. In this paper, we review the health economic evaluation systems among those countries. We also conducted a case study that investigated the time-trend of cost, effectiveness, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for anticancer drug regimens in Japan. We found a time-trend ICER for breast cancer (BC). Additionally, molecular targeting drugs for BC had a positive effect on the ICER, and both small molecular-targeting drugs and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) had a higher ICER for BC compared with conventional drugs. Finally, we discuss a possible way to implement a health economic evaluation system in Japan.

中文翻译：

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日本抗癌药物治疗方案的整体成本效益分析。

日本于2019年正式推出了成本效益分析（CEA），而一些国家，例如英国，瑞典，加拿大和澳大利亚，则具有健康技术评估（HTA）的经验。因此，很少有报道全面审查日本的卫生经济评估情况。在本文中，我们回顾了这些国家之间的卫生经济评估系统。我们还进行了一个案例研究，调查了日本抗癌药物治疗方案的成本，有效性和增量成本效益比（ICER）的时间趋势。我们发现了乳腺癌（BC）的趋势ICER。此外，用于BC的分子靶向药物对ICER具有积极作用，与常规药物相比，小分子靶向药物和单克隆抗体（mAb）均具有更高的BC ICER。最后，