Sex-dependent and sex-independent regulatory systems of size variation in natural populations.,Molecular Systems Biology

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Sex-dependent and sex-independent regulatory systems of size variation in natural populations.
Molecular Systems Biology ( IF 8.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 , DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199012
Hirokazu Okada ₁ , Ryohei Yagi ₁ , Vincent Gardeux ₂ , Bart Deplancke ₂ , Ernst Hafen _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Size of organs/organisms is a polygenic trait. Many of the growth-regulatory genes constitute conserved growth signaling pathways. However, how these multiple genes are orchestrated at the systems level to attain the natural variation in size including sexual size dimorphism is mostly unknown. Here we take a multi-layered systems omics approach to study size variation in the Drosophila wing. We show that expression levels of many critical growth regulators such as Wnt and TGFβ pathway components significantly differ between sexes but not between lines exhibiting size differences within each sex, suggesting a primary role of these regulators in sexual size dimorphism. Only a few growth genes including a receptor of steroid hormone ecdysone exhibit association with between-line size differences. In contrast, we find that between-line size variation is largely regulated by genes with a diverse range of cellular functions, most of which have never been implicated in growth. In addition, we show that expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) linked to these novel growth regulators accurately predict population-wide, between-line wing size variation. In summary, our study unveils differential gene regulatory systems that control wing size variation between and within sexes.

中文翻译：

天然种群中大小变化的性别依赖性和性别无关的调节系统。

器官/生物体的大小是一种多基因性状。许多生长调节基因构成保守的生长信号通路。然而，如何在系统水平上协调这些多个基因以实现大小的自然变化（包括有性大小二态性）尚不清楚。在这里，我们采用多层系统组学方法研究果蝇翼的大小变化。我们显示，许多关键生长调节剂（例如Wnt和TGFβ途径组分）的表达水平在性别之间显着不同，但在每个性别内表现出大小差异的品系之间没有显着差异，表明这些调节剂在性别大小二态性中起主要作用。仅少数生长基因包括类固醇激素蜕皮激素的受体表现出与线间大小差异的关联。相比之下，我们发现，线间大小的变异在很大程度上受具有多种细胞功能范围的基因的调控，其中大多数从未涉及生长。此外，我们表明，与这些新型生长调节剂相关的表达数量性状基因座（eQTL）可以准确预测群体范围内，线间机翼大小的变化。总而言之，我们的研究揭示了差异基因调节系统，该系统可控制性别之间和内部的机翼大小变化。

更新日期：2019-11-27

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