Abstract The hydrothermal carbonization could improve the fuel quality of municipal solid waste (MSW), in terms of water content reduction, chlorine removal, and energy densification. The chlorine content plays a significant role in determining whether the derived hydrochar is suitable as a fuel or chemical product. Many works focus on the chlorine behavior and fuel quality of hydrochar. However, few works focus on the gasification characteristics of real MSW-derived hydrochar. In this work, the hydrochar derived from real MSW employing hydrothermal treatment were gasified under various temperatures (600–1000 °C) and atmospheres (Air, CO2/O2 and steam/O2), with gas and tar analyzed by GC and GC–MS, respectively. The results showed that the hydrothermal treatment could remove 90.5 % chlorine of the MSW at an HTC temperature of 220 °C for 30 min. The syngas quality was improved whereas the tar yield was generally reduced with the reaction temperature, independent on the atmosphere. The H2, CO and CH4 yield was increased gradually, while the CO2 yields kept decreasing with the gasification temperature ranging from 600 to 900 °C. The highest H2 yield occured in the steam/O2 gasification, resulting in the highest H2/CO ratio of 4.58 at a gasification temperature of 1000 °C. The tar yield in the air gasification was the maximum, while it was the minimum in the steam/O2 gasification. The carbon conversion rate was increased with the gasification temperature. 900 ℃ was supposed to be a suitable operating window for obtaining gas with high H2 concentration and heating value. All these results indicated that the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) coupled with gasification was an effective approach to produce hydrogen-rich gas from MSW. And these findings might be helpful for the design and further optimization MSW thermochemical conversion process.

中文翻译：

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不同气氛和温度下真实生活垃圾衍生的水炭的气化

摘要 水热碳化可以在降低水含量、去除氯和能量致密化方面改善城市固体废物（MSW）的燃料质量。氯含量在确定衍生的氢化碳是否适合作为燃料或化学产品方面起着重要作用。许多工作集中在氢碳的氯行为和燃料质量上。然而，很少有工作关注真正的 MSW 衍生的水炭的气化特性。在这项工作中，从采用水热处理的实际生活垃圾中提取的水炭在各种温度（600-1000°C）和气氛（空气、CO2/O2 和蒸汽/O2）下气化，气体和焦油通过 GC 和 GC-MS 进行分析， 分别。结果表明，水热处理可以在 220 °C 的 HTC 温度下去除 90.5% 的 MSW 氯，持续 30 分钟。合成气质量得到改善，而焦油产率通常随反应温度而降低，与气氛无关。H2、CO和CH4产率逐渐增加，而CO2产率随着气化温度在600～900℃范围内不断降低。最高的 H2 产率发生在蒸汽/O2 气化中，在 1000 °C 的气化温度下产生最高的 H2/CO 比为 4.58。空气气化的焦油产率最高，而蒸汽/O2气化的焦油产率最低。碳转化率随气化温度升高而增加。900℃应该是获得高H2浓度和高热值气体的合适操作窗口。所有这些结果表明，水热碳化 (HTC) 与气化相结合是从生活垃圾中生产富氢气体的有效方法。这些发现可能有助于设计和进一步优化 MSW 热化学转化过程。